Effect of Ethnic Cleavages on Citizen-police Interface in Mitigating Law and Order Decline in Jos Metropolis, Nigeria: An Empirical Survey

Abstract

This study was an empirical survey to ascertain impact of ethnic cleavages on the citizen-police
interface in addressing Law and Order Decline in Jos Metropolis. It explored the dynamics of ethnic
tensions, trust deficits, and geopolitical influences within the context of policing in a multi-ethnic
society. Group conflict theory is adopted as underpinning framework for the study inview of it's
relevance to the variables being investigated. The research drew on quantitative and qualitative
(mixed) approaches to gather data. The study population consisted of law enforcement officials,
community traditional leaders, Women and Youth Associations and Academics in Jos Metropolis.
Structured and Semi-structured questionnaire tagged, Effect of Ethnic Cleavages on Citizen-police
Interface Questionnaire (EECCPIQ) was employed in gathering data. Purposive and Simple
Random Sampling techniques were used in selecting respondents. SPSS version 11 was used in
analyzing quantitative data, while the qualitative narrations were analyzed in verbatim, for
enhanced perspective and insight on the subject matter. Findings revealed complex interactions
between ethnic nationalities and law enforcement agents. Ethnic cleavage indicated significant
impact on citizen-police relationships, leading to misperceptions, bias, mistrust and poor policing.
Ethnic stratifications and historical grievances had also contributed to the erosion of trust between
law enforcement agents and police. Geopolitical conflicts and divisive state policies were also
identified as Inducers of ethnic concerns and declined policing in Jos. Key recommendations from
the study included the implementation of community-oriented policing, enhancement of
transparency and accountability in law enforcement, and the promotion of detribalised and inclusive
policing. The study further recommended importance of professional etiquette among the rank and
file of the policing agencies. The political leadership in the area should demonstrate inclusivity in
community security concerns, as a key policy for driving accountable and transparent law
enforcement. This shall improve citizen-police synergy and enhanced law enforcement in Jos
metropolis.