Roles and Challenges of Traditional Birth Attendants in Maternal Healthcare Delivery in Awka South Local Government Area, Anambra State

Abstract

This study examined the roles and challenges of Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) in maternal healthcare delivery in Awka South Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria. Anchored on the Health Belief Model which explains how perceptions, cultural norms, and perceived control influence health-seeking behaviour, the study adopted a mixed-methods research design integrating
quantitative and qualitative approaches. A total of 204 respondents were selected through a multistage sampling technique, while in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and an interview guide. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Findings revealed that TBAs play important roles in antenatal care, delivery assistance, post-natal support, health education, emotional counselling, and referral of complicated cases. However, they face major challenges including lack of formal training, inadequate medical equipment, poor integration into the healthcare system, financial constraints, and limited access to emergency referral services, while cultural expectations and reliance on traditional practices also hinder the adoption of modern healthcare procedures. Despite these challenges, many TBAs expressed willingness to receive training and collaborate with skilled healthcare providers. The study therefore recommended the integration of TBAs into the formal health system through structured training programmes, provision of basic medical supplies, improved referral networks, regular supervision, and supportive policies, alongside strengthened community partnerships and public health education, as these measures are expected to improve maternal health outcomes, reduce preventable childbirth complications, and enhance the quality of maternal healthcare delivery in Awka South LGA and similar settings.