Abstract
This paper highlights primary education as a vital tool for achieving sustainable national development. It discussed concepts of primary education and its objectives; concept of sustainable national development, relationship between primary education and sustainable national development. The paper also looked into the challenges of Primary Education in Nigeria which include: Inadequate teaching staff, inadequate infrastructure, Lack of instructional materials, Inadequate funding, etc. The following were recommended: Government should employ more qualified teachers, adequate fund should be provided for primary education and all funds mapped out for primary education should be judiciously used for the purpose of achieving sustainable national development; there is need for teaching and learning to be done in a conducive environment therefore, dilapidated buildings and structures must be improved by government and even well-meaning individuals in society.