Comparative Analysis of Energy System Utilization in Football and Volleyball among Student Athletes in University of Uyo : Implications for Training Design and Tactical Strategy

Abstract

This study investigated and compares energy system utilization, physiological responses, and performance outcomes of football and volleyball student-athletes at the University of Uyo. A total of 50 student-athletes comprising 25 football players and 25 volleyball players participated in the study. The study aimed to: (1) determine the predominant energy systems: Adenosine Triphosphate–Phosphocreatine (ATP-PC), anaerobic glycolytic, and aerobic utilized by the athletes during training and match play, (2) examine differences in physiological variables including heart rate, recovery time, and fatigue, and (3) investigate the relationship between energy system efficiency and athletic performance. Data were collected using heart rate monitors, recovery time assessments, fatigue scoring, and performance tests including sprint frequency and repeated high-intensity activities. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics, independent t-tests to compare physiological variables between sports, and Pearson’s correlation to assess the relationship between energy system efficiency and performance outcomes. Results indicated sport-specific patterns: football athletes primarily utilized ATP-PC and anaerobic glycolytic systems with moderate aerobic support, while volleyball athletes relied mainly on the ATP-PC system with lesser anaerobic and aerobic contributions. Football players exhibited higher heart rates, longer recovery times, and greater fatigue. Energy system efficiency positively correlated with performance in both sports. The authors recommend sport-specific training programs emphasizing endurance, high-intensity interval work, explosive power, and recovery strategies to optimize performance, reduce fatigue, and minimize injury risk.