SOCIOLOGICAL INQUIRY ON PATTERNS, CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF GRADE BUYING (SORTING) IN NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY, AWKA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

This study investigated the patterns, causes, and consequences of grade buying (sorting) in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design with a sample of 20 students and 2 lecturers. Data were collected using questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The findings revealed that 90% of respondents were aware of grade buying, with direct cash payments (80%) and intermediary-facilitated transactions (70%) being the most prevalent forms. Pressure for high classifications (85%) and fear of failure (75%) were major student-related causes, while poor lecturer remuneration (80%) was the key lecturer-related factor. Production of incompetent graduates (90%) and demoralization of honest students (85%) were the most severe consequences. Consistent application of sanctions (90%) and strengthening enforcement (85%) were considered the most effective measures. The study concluded that grade buying is prevalent in the department and driven by structural pressures on both students and lecturers. It recommended strengthening enforcement mechanisms, improving lecturer conditions of service, and establishing integrity campaigns to curb the practice.