Journal of Administration

Determinants of Access and Use of Credit From Bank of Agriculture ((BOA) by the Farmers' Cooperative for Increased of Food Output in Abia State

Fortune N Agu Aguiyi — 2021-03-21

The study focused on the determinants of credit access among famers cooperative clients of Bank of Agriculture (BOA) in Abia State”. Famers are financially poor and find it difficult to finance their farm production. The objectives of the study were to describe the socio-economic characteristics of the cooperators, determine the difference in the amount of credit applied for and amount disbursed, estimate the institutional factors of BOA influence credit access by farmers cooperatives, describe institutional and organizational factors influencing access to credit and challenges faced by cooperative farmers and BOA in the delivering and assessment of farm credit. A multi stage sampling technique was employed in the determination of a sample size of 60 respondents. Structured questionnaires were used to solicit data from the sample population. Statistics tools such as mean, frequency, percentage and ordinary least square were used to analyze the data collected. Multiple regressions was used to analyze the factors that influences the use of credit among cooperative farmers. Result obtained from the socio-economic characteristics of the respondent shows that 48.3% were males while 51.7 were females. The farmer’s age ranged from 20 to 60 years with a mean age of 29.5 years. Result of 9 our 12 factors were significant. Based on the findings, it was recommenced that, cooperative farmers in the study area needs urgent attention in terms of accessing credit from BOA, more should be done by the government or BOA to make loans more accessible for those farmers who need it at subsidized rate, the farmers should deem it necessary to belong to a cooperative society. As cooperatives can aid in accessing credit from BOA and the farmers cooperative should have a good knowledge of the procedures and conditions applied in obtaining credit from BOA in order not to make mistake.

Can two wrongs make a right? Herders and farmers conflicts on the Plateau

Cinjel Nandes Dickson — 2021-03-21

Herders and farmers conflicts in Nigeria have enjoyed a lot of construal and different connotations. The confrontations mostly started as farmers and herder’s conflict, then the attacks of suspected Fulani herders, then rustlers and bandits and a lot of others. The mode of attacks and nature of the clashes varies in different times and different places. The conflicts have further opened ways to menace such as the spread of Fulani bandit, the rise of cattle rustlers and other criminalities such as the activities of societal miscreants, and conflict entrepreneurs. All the attacks and confrontations often have negative bearings on people lives, properties, businesses, houses, food and agricultural produces. This study attempted to examine herders and farmers conflicts in Barkin Ladi Local Government Area of Plateau State and how it has affected societal progression. The study generated data from array of both published and unpublished materials such as text books, journal papers, newspapers, magazines, white paper of reports of panel of investigation and commission of inquiry, internet materials, seminar and conference papers and a lot of others. The main instrument used to generate data was interview. In interpreting our data, the relationship between herders and farmers conflicts and development was established at both theoretical and empirical level. Empirically, we used a qualitative and historical method that was critical and analytical in providing descriptive and historical details. This was further complemented by descriptive analysis. It was established that the activities of groups such as the Bigol, bandit and some youth of the Berom who often indulged in cattle rustling is at the heart to the incessant attacks that are witnessing in the Local Government Area . The acts have enjoyed a lot of interpolation and have been eroded and broaden by different vices in the society. It was also found out that the attacks have negative impact on lives and properties, farm products, livestock, food production, business and a lot of others. Conclusion was drawn that the herders and farmers confrontation in Barkin Ladi is a migraine to socio-economic development. Recommendations such as control of borders, good governance, improve policing, religious tolerance and a lot of others were proffered.

That is (not) who we are

Jude Okezie Emmanuel Udenta — 2021-03-21

The main thrust/thesis of this study is that open grazing is simply a CLASS Act. In pursuit of this thesis; the study seeks to; i. Indicate the essence of grazing ii. Examine the factors that predispose communities to open grazing as grazers and as host communities. iii Examine the possibility of alternatives to open grazing. Now, humans are social beings. Removal from society simply translates into the end of humanity. Be that as it may, we live in a world of traits and tendencies, nature, nurture, processes and styles. There are individual as well as group differences and nuances. In all this maze, we make sense out of it all in the recognition that circumstances alter cases and that behaviour is largely environmentally-determined. Every society is the sum total of its sub-units. The maintenance of dynamic equilibrium, booms or bursts depend on the manner of social relations/interactions that subsist therein. It is in that regard that we need to bring in the tendencies and dispositions of the open-grazers visa-a-vis the host communities, whether already overrun or still standing. Accordingly, the following questions are thrown up: 1. What is the essence of grazing? 2. What factors predispose the open grazers to that manner of economic activity? 3. What factors predispose the host communities to accept or acquiesce to open grazing? 4. Is there no alternative to open grazing? To guide the study, the political economy perspective was adopted: The focus here was on class and the allied issue of class character and contradictions; the issue of the primacy of material conditions as well as the significance of history. All in all, the study recommends and concludes that it is left for each unit (individually and collectively) to determine her class – whether of domination or the dominated. Furthermore, the current and the sustainable ways to take good care of animals and remove this particular source of insecurity and turbulence include Ranching, The European Paddock Approach or Mix of the Indian Model tied with Ranching.

Sustainable development Cost of Nomadic Pastoralist –Farmers Conflict in Nigeria

Chikaodilli Juliet Ugwoke — 2021-03-21

Nigeria since independence has been besieged with violent conflict, differently; Nomadic pastoralist-farmers conflict has spread to six geo-political zones accompany with horrifying socio-economic and environmental implications. Nigeria has witnessed a great loss of lives and properties, destruction of invaluable facilities, and unconducive environment for normal business activities to take place. All these point to the retardation in sustainable development efforts. Nigeria cannot promote sustainable development in an environment devoid of peace, justice and freedom. This dreadful situation requires a proactive solution; a paradigm shift from transhumance to ranching is necessary. Federal government as the custodian of security should implement its impending ranching policy, ban open grazing and strengthen its security agencies so to safeguard the country from the scourge of persistent nomadic pastoralist-farmers conflict.