HARNESSING BIOMETRIC SIM REGISTRATION IN FIGHTING INSECURITY AND CRIMINALITY IN SOUTH- EASTERN NIGERIA

Abstract

The rising incidence of insecurity and criminality in Nigeria, particularly in South-
Eastern Nigeria, continues to threaten socio-economic stability, public safety, and national
development. Criminal networks increasingly exploit mobile communication technologies to
coordinate kidnappings, armed robbery, cybercrime, and other organized offenses, often relying on
anonymity enabled by weak Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) registration systems. This study
examines biometric SIM registration as a strategic intervention for combating insecurity and
criminality in the region. Adopting a qualitative research design based on secondary data and
theoretical interpretation, the study draws on criminological perspectives and biometric
identification frameworks to assess the policy’s effectiveness. Anchored in structural functionalist
theory, the analysis conceptualizes biometric SIM registration as a structural mechanism introduced
to restore social order by linking mobile subscribers to verifiable biometric identifiers such as
fingerprints and facial data. The findings suggest that biometric integration enhances traceability,
strengthens intelligence-led policing, and aligns with primary and secondary crime prevention
strategies by increasing the risk of detection and reducing opportunities for anonymous
communication. However, challenges relating to data protection, institutional coordination,
infrastructural deficits, and public trust limit its full potential. The study concludes that biometric
SIM registration can significantly strengthen Nigeria’s security architecture if supported by robust
governance mechanisms. It recommends that the National Identity Management Commission
(NIMC) ensure the integrity and security of the National Identity Database (NIDB) to prevent
breaches and fraudulent activities. Furthermore, the Nigerian Communications Commission
(NCC), NIMC, and security agencies must establish a unified and real-time data-sharing protocol
to enhance coordinated enforcement and investigative efficiency.