FOOD INSECURITY AMONG VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS: IMPLICATIONS ON POVERTY PERPETUATION IN IMO STATE

Abstract

This study examined food insecurity among vulnerable households in Imo State,
Nigeria, with particular attention to income disparities, asset ownership, and household expenditure
patterns. Using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), the study assessed the
severity of food insecurity and explored how economic constraints shape household coping
strategies. A descriptive survey design was adopted, involving 484 respondents drawn from
vulnerable communities across eight Local Government Areas in Imo State. The study population
comprised low-income households, female-headed households, widows, elderly persons living
alone, and residents of rural and peri-urban areas. Data were collected through a structured
questionnaire and analysed using both descriptive and multivariate techniques. Findings indicate
that food insecurity is widespread and severe among vulnerable households, with a substantial
proportion experiencing chronic food shortages. Food insecurity was strongly associated with low
income levels and was found to undermine household asset ownership and distort expenditure
priorities. Many households adopted adverse coping strategies, including skipping meals, reducing
meal portions, and selling productive assets, actions that further entrenched their vulnerability and
weakened long-term economic resilience. The study concludes that food insecurity in Imo State is
not merely a short-term welfare issue but a structural challenge closely linked to poverty and
livelihood instability. Addressing this challenge requires integrated policy responses that go beyond
food aid. The study recommends targeted income-support programmes, household-level food
subsidy initiatives, and community-based agricultural interventions to strengthen livelihoods,
protect household assets, and enhance sustainable food access among vulnerable populations.