HEPATITIS B VACCINE KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE AMONG KADUNA STATE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Abstract

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a significant global health challenge, particularly among young adults in university settings. Understanding students' knowledge and practices regarding Hepatitis B vaccination is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies. This study explored the knowledge and practice of Hepatitis B vaccine among students of Kaduna State University, Nigeria. A qualitative research approach was employed, utilizing in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Twenty-four students were purposively selected from various faculties across the university. Data were collected using semi-structured interview guides and analyzed using thematic content analysis to identify patterns and themes related to knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding Hepatitis B vaccination. The findings revealed varying levels of knowledge about Hepatitis B vaccination among participants. Major themes emerged, including limited awareness of transmission routes (among most participants), misconceptions about vaccine safety and efficacy, inadequate knowledge of vaccination schedules, and barriers to vaccine uptake, such as cost concerns, accessibility issues, and cultural beliefs. Participants demonstrated a better understanding of the disease itself, but showed significant gaps in their comprehension of vaccination protocols and their importance. University students showed moderate knowledge about Hepatitis B but significant deficits in understanding vaccination practices. Barriers to vaccination included financial constraints, limited access to healthcare services, cultural misconceptions, and inadequate health education programs. The findings suggest the need for comprehensive health education programs, improved access to vaccination services on campus, targeted awareness campaigns, and integration of hepatitis B vaccination into routine student health services to enhance knowledge and promote positive vaccination practices among university students.