SUSTAINABLE WAGE DETERMINATION AND TRADE- DISPUTE PREVENTION IN NIGERIA’S HEALTH SECTOR: EVIDENCE FROM SOUTHEAST TEACHING HOSPITALS

Abstract

Persistent trade disputes in Nigeria’s health sector, particularly among teaching
hospitals, have raised concerns over the sustainability of wage determination processes and their
impact on industrial harmony. This study examined stakeholders’ perceptions of the strategic
measures necessary to promote a more sustainable wage system and mitigate wage-related
conflicts. Theories of conflict and industrial relations guided the study. Employing a descriptive
approach, quantitative data were collected from 625 respondents through structured
questionnaires, while qualitative insights were derived from 10 key informant interviews with
health administrators, union leaders, and policymakers. Multi-stage and purposive sample methods
were utilized. Quantitative data were analysed using the weighted mean, whereas qualitative data
were content analysed. The findings revealed strong consensus on the importance of labour–
government cooperation, institutionalization of collective bargaining, respect for the rule of law,
and establishment of independent wage review mechanisms. All proposed measures recorded low
weighted mean scores, indicating a high level of agreement on their significance. Qualitative data
further emphasized the need for proactive engagement, legal compliance, and systemic reforms.
The findings underscore the need for a collaborative, law-based, and inclusive framework as a
foundation for sustainable wage governance and lasting industrial harmony in Nigeria’s healthcare
sector. The study recommends enhancing dialogue mechanisms, ensuring strict adherence to
labour regulations and fostering institutional autonomy as key strategies for establishing a fair and
enduring wage determination system. These strategies will help to promote a more equitable and
sustainable wage environment.