THE CONSEQUENCES OF OPEN DEFECATION PRACTICE IN SOUTH EAST, NIGERIA

Abstract

This study investigated the consequences of open defecation practices in
Southeast Nigeria utilizing a mixed-methods research design. Quantitative data were
collected through questionnaires distributed among a broad adult population, while
qualitative insights were obtained via in-depth interviews with community stakeholders. This
study focused on six communities in the states of Ebonyi, Enugu, and Imo, which were
identified as highly affected by open defecation according to the 2019 UNICEF report and
the 2011 Multi-Indicator Cluster Survey. A sample size of 1,049 was determined using Taro
Yamane’s formula, and a multistage cluster sampling technique was employed. Data
collection involved structured questionnaires addressing sociodemographic factors and
specific research objectives and IDIs providing detailed qualitative insights. Quantitative data
were analysed using SPSS version 20, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were
applied, while qualitative data were thematically analysed. The findings revealed that open
defecation significantly contributes to waterborne diseases, environmental degradation, social
stigmatization, and economic burdens. It also undermines educational outcomes. The study
recommended government-led public health campaigns, investment in sanitation
infrastructure, and community engagement programs such as Community-Led Total
Sanitation (CLTS) to promote behavioural change and improve sanitation practices.