Correlation between Anthropometric Indices and Fasting Blood Glucose Levels among Adults in Aboh Mbaise Local Government Area, Imo State Nigeria

Abstract

To establish effective diabetes and obesity preventive and management methods in Nigeria, it is imperative to comprehend the link between anthropometric indices and fasting blood glucose level. The relationship may be influenced by Nigerians' distinct genetic composition and environmental factors, such as diet and lifestyle, indicating the need for research to offer more thorough insights into the precise factors that lead to the development of diabetes especially in the local context. This correlational study examined the correlation between the anthropometric indices (Body Mass Index [BMI], waist-to-hip ratio [WHR]) and blood glucose levels among adults in Aboh Mbaise Local Government Area (LGA), Imo State, Nigeria, and also explored the socio-demographic factors associated with elevated blood sugar. The population of the study was 194,779. A multiple-stage sampling procedure was used to draw 420 respondents that filled out the survey questionnaire (containing individual anthropometric and clinical measurements). Data were analyzed using frequency and percentage, Spearman’s correlation coefficient (), and other non-parametric tests (Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests). Findings revealed significant moderate positive correlations between anthropometric indices and blood glucose levels, with BMI (=0.310, p=0.001) showing a slightly stronger relationship than WHR ( =0.245, p=0.002). A significant association was found between BMI categories and WHR risk levels (p=0.005). Gender differences in blood glucose levels were significant (p=0.035), with females showing higher levels. Family history of diabetes was significantly associated with elevated blood glucose (p=0.011). These findings demonstrate the significance of anthropometric measurements in diabetes risk assessment. The results obtained from this study could greatly enhance Nigeria's public health initiatives. By clearly defining the correlation between blood glucose and anthropometric indices in Aboh Mbaise LGA, the study would help design focused screening initiatives to identify individuals who are at risk of acquiring diabetes or are obese.