Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Journal of Sociology

A SURVEY REHABILITATION PROGRAMMES FOR INMATES IN KUJE MEDIUM SECURITY CORRECTIONAL SERVICE ABUJA, NORTH CENTRAL, NIGERIA

Oli, Nneka Perpetua, Diyoke, Michael Chika — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study examined the rehabilitation of inmates in Kuje Medium Security Correctional Service Abuja, North Central, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to ascertain the effects of the rehabilitation programmes on the lives of the inmates, identify the existing policies of rehabilitation programmes and to find out if condition in the correctional centre or access to basic needs affects inmate’s participation in the rehabilitation programmes. The study adopted the reformative theory as the theoretical orientation. Mixed methods research design was used for the study. Questionnaire and In-Depth Interview (IDI) Guide were the qualitative instruments of data collection used in this study. A sample size of 150 was used in the study and the target population consisted convicted inmates. Data collected from the questionnaire were processed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Findings of the study indicated that while the programmes will impact positively on the lives of inmates on their reintegration into the society, they were fairly successful due to lack of funds and equipment. Also, findings of the study showed that Kuje Medium Security Correctional Services has not successfully achieved the rehabilitate inmates to be good and useful citizens instead the traditional punitive method is still very much in practice. Therefore, the study recommends that Correctional Service should be adequately funded to acquire state of the arts equipment to enhance effective rehabilitation of inmates.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEW NATIONAL MINIMUM WAGE AND INDUSTRIAL CONFLICTS IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR IN NIGERIA

Uzoh, Bonaventure Chigozie, Ekebosi, Nzubechukwu Christian — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Implementation of National Minimum Wage has always been a problem in Nigeria mainly because all the stakeholders eventually do not remain on the same page when it comes to payment. Implementation of the new National Minimum Wage of ₦30,000 signed into law on the 18^th of April, 2019 is not an exception. Although the Federal Government has commenced the Implementation and has also paid the arrears of both the Minimum Wage as well as the consequential adjustments for other categories of federal workers except for the arrears of tertiary Institutions workers, many state governments and private sector organizations are yet to commence the implementation. This is a situation that always degenerates to industrial conflict between the government and labor unions representing workers who are their members. We are now talking about the new Minimum Wage but many states are still owing workers arrears of both the previous Minimum Wage of 18,000 and the consequential adjustments up to now. It is true that the Nigerian Governors Forum (NGF) has assured that all the 36 states of the Federation will implement it and some have actually started implementing it, some others are still dragging their legs. This has actually led to tension building up in those states as organized labour warms up for a a showdown with the State Governments concerned. Organized labour has made it clear that so long as the new National Minimum Wage has been signed into law, every state government must pay it. This paper therefore examines the level of implementation of the new National Minimum Wage in the public sector in Nigeria by the different levels of government. The theoretical thrust of the paper is the Marxist Political Economy (MPE) approach. The paper contends that industrial conflicts that have always accompanied its implementation will continue to rear up their heads because some state governments as usual would want to play politics with it even though they were duly represented in the tripartite National Minimum Wage Committee that negotiated it before it was signed into law. It is recommended that each time a new minimum wage is fixed by the government; it should as well be religiously implemented in order to enhance industrial harmony.

GENDER AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS AMONG BANDS, CHIEFDOMS AND TRIBAL SOCIETIES

Ugwu, Ugochukwu Titus — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Gender and economic relations have been the crux of debate in economics anthropology relationship between men and women in economic nexus appears to have impaired women and subject them to little access to factors of production, which in turn limits women production potentials. Adopting functionalism as the theoretical framework this study was designed to compare gender and economic relation among bands, chiefdoms and tribal societies. Specifically, the study was designed to examine the subsistence strategies, gendered role patterns and genders gaps in economic relations among these societies. The study found among other things, that egalitarian gender relations exists among these societies. However, differentiation sets in as society becomes stratified and more complex as is the case of the chiefdom. The study concludes that as contact and societies become more centralized, the egalitarian structure begins to decrease.

INTRINSIC REWARD SYSTEM AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE

Udeobasi, Obianuju Chinyelu, Uzeh Bonaventure Chigozie — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Reward systems are central to the human resource management because it attracts talented individuals, motivate them and retain those that have a better fit with the organization. Organizations need to review their systems in order to improve employee motivation, increase performance and stay competitive. The objective of this paper is to examine the effect of intrinsic reward on employee performance. It additionally reviewed other research findings in the range of intrinsic reward systems. It employed Victor Vroom’s Expectancy theory to investigate the effects of intrinsic factors on employee’s performance. This paper concludes that intrinsic reward system plays an essential role in motivating workers to perform innovatively and remain committed to the growth of the organization and recommends that organization should implement intrinsic reward package that will continue to enhance the motivational spirit of the employees such that it will make the work environment more challenging and interesting because it leads to better employees’ performance which in turn results in organization performance.

INFLUENCE OF PAID EMPLOYMENT AND MOTHERHOOD ON FAMILY LIFE ACTIVETIES IN ENUGU URBAN AREA, ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA

Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This paper examined the influence of paid employment and motherhood on family life activities in Enugu Urban Area, Enugu State, Nigeria. The study is a cross-sectional survey. Three research questions guided the study. Role strain theory was adopted as the theoretical framework of the study. The sample size of 994 was statistically determined using the Cochran formula. The target population for study is 2,321 within the age of 18-60 years which consisted of all working mothers in the four (4) occupational groups: teachers, nurses, bankers and police. Nine hundred and ninety four (994) respondents from the four occupational groups 9teachers, nurses, bankers and police) were randomly selected in, proportion to the total number of female workers from Enugu Uran in Enugu State, Nigeria for the study. Questionnaire is the major instrument used for data collection and was self-administered. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics like percentages, frequency tables. The hypotheses were tested using chi-square (x²) statistical influence. The finding of the study show that more women are now engaged in paid employment due to economic crisis. The study equally reveled that most women are engaged in paid employment do not have enough rest but are deeply involved in family decision making. Finally majority of the respondents had moderate satisfaction of family life. Based on the finding, it is recommended and special respect should be accorded them since their role in the work places and family life activities cannot be over emphasized.

MAJOR CONSTRAINTS FACING NIGERIA POLICE IN CONTROLLING THE TREND OF KIDNAPPING IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA.

Nwadike-Fasugba, Chinenye Martha — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study explored the major constraints affecting the NPF in controlling the trend of kidnapping in Anambra State, Nigeria. Anambra State has a population of 4,182,032 (National Population Commission (NPC) , Awka 2006). The target population for this study is 24,878 and using the proportionate stratified sampling technique, 394 respondents were selected. The institutional theory was adopted as the theoretical framework for this study. The questionnaire was used to collect data for study. The qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software was used to process the data collected in the study and data processe4d were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study found that the major constraints affecting the NPF in controlling kidnapping in Anambra state include inadequate manpower, lack of modern technologically enabled crime control equipment, inadequate provision of funds and logistics, lack of expertise, among others. It was recommended that there should be provision of necessary funds, adequate equipment and logistics needed by the police in performing their duty. In this regard, it was equally suggested that the police Service Commission (PSC) should make moves to appeal to the Federal as well as the State government to address the major infrastructural deficiencies within the NPF.

CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF CORONA VIRUS (COVID-19) PANDEMIC LOCK DOWN ON INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE AMONGST COUPLES IN KARU NASARAWA STATE, NORTH CENTRAL, NIGERIA

Egwuaba, Edward Ukwubile, Olisa, Adaeze Linda — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigated the causes and consequences of corona virus on intimate partner violence amongst couples in Karu, Nigeria. The study was hinges on four specific objectives which include examining the extent of violence against women in Karu and the factors causing violence against women as well as ascertaining the health consequences of violence against women in Karu, Nigeria. The study used the empowerment theory to explain the social phenomenon studied. It adopted the cross-sectional survey research design. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 642 respondents. Structured questionnaire was used as the primary instrument of data collection. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The findings indicated that violence against women is a widespread problem with a high prevalence rate in Karu, physical and sexual types ranked amongst the most suffered forms of violence, disobedience, unfaithfulness to the husbands and neglecting marital responsibilities were major reasons for violence against women in Karu. Also, head injuries, bruises, fractures, contracting HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections were the health consequences experienced by women in Karu. The study therefore recommended, among others, that steps should be taken t empowering women economically and educationally to make them less vulnerable to domestic violence. Also, medical experts should after physical treatment, refer victims to counselors and psychotherapists as violence phenomenon deteriorates women’s integrity, giving rise to deficient health, family and social group disorder.

FORMAL AND INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATIONS IN NIGERIA: OBJECTIVES AND PROBLEMS

Alumona, Stephen Chukwuma — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study undertook to discover why organizations are created and if organizations actually work according to expectations. The study built on Max Weber’s analysis of bureaucracy and argued that the very characteristic nature of organizations is also the major problem they have in performing their functions in society. The paper argues that the knowledge and powers that organizations have also help in affecting their efficiency and touch on society. It shows that the impersonal rules that characterize organizations also produce inefficient and self-defeating behaviours in them. At the end, it was recommended among others that further studies are needed in this area in order to discover what affects and or does not affect organizations so as to make them function optimally. Two, treating organizations as active institutions in society will help to understand how they construct and impact the social world. It was also recommended that organizations be treated as independent entities so that they can continue to impact their social environment positively and minimize tendencies of conflict in society. This can be done when a wider perceptual view is placed on functions of organizations. Following Weber’s caution on the nature of bureaucracies be controlled so as to curtail the tendency of undermining the personal freedom of its social environment.

MIGRATION, SECURITY AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

Alumona, Stephen Chukwuma, Ekebosi, Nzube Christian — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The paper, Migration, security and development in sub-Saharan Africa discussed how migration in sub-Saharan Africa which hitherto had been an exercise geared towards people’s self help can begin to be a threat to people and nations. It showed that over history, migration meant the movement of people especially of whole groups of humans from one place, region or country to another for the primary reason of moving to a place better than the first place with the intention of setting there temporarily or permanently and finding livelihood. The paper highlighted a number of factors, natural and social as causing human migration over history including the lure of more favourable regions, some adverse conditions as a result of the home condition of people. It also showed that the rise of industries and capitalism further stimulated migration as people search for employment and greater economic opportunities in urban industrial centres. It showed how the rise of the concept o f globalization and advances in transportation, education, communication among others has helped to increase the rate of migration. With the increase in migration rate is also the increase in the security risks involved. The paper therefore discussed how to weakening of borders. It showed that insurgency in many parts of Africa has again intensified the rate of migration in sub-Saharan Africa and that many of the people who mover are mercenaries who are hired to flight in foreign countries and against their home countries as a means of making money. Lastly the paper discussed the security risks of migration today which led people to try crossing the Sahara and other deserts on foot while others try to cross the Atlantic Ocean and other waters in mere boats and canoes which invariably expose them to many security problems.

AN APPRAISAL OF REHABILITATION STRATEGIES BY THE NIGERIAN CORRECTIONAL SERVICE: A STUDY OF HADEJIA CUSTODIAL CENTRE, JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA

Amali, Sadiq Ewaoda — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The cardinal objective of the study was to empirically appraise rehabilitation strategies and practices by the Nigerian Correctional Service in the study area. However, the study comprised of only male convicted and a few awaiting trial inmates in Hadeija Custodial Centre. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed to the categories of the above mentioned inmates. A sample size of 150 was determined using the sample size calculator at a confidence and interval level of +/-5 and confidence level of 95% out of a total number of 229 inmates in the study area. Data obtained were processed using SPSS as a statistical tool. However, a selected result revealed that, impressively Tsocio – economic status of parehe majority of the inmates (72.7%) stated that there were adequate vocational training programmes in the custodial centre while a few of the inmates (27.3%) stated that vocational training programmes were inadequate. The study recommends an improvement on the existing rehabilitation programmes made available for the fact that some inmates were dissatisfied with effectiveness of rehabilitation programmes in the study area.

IMPACT OF JOB STRESS ON THE HEALTH OF BANK EMPLOYEES IN WARRI, DELTA STATE, NIGERIA

Dawodu, Oluwatosin Abigail, Okunseri, Lawretta — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Job stress is a social public health phenomenon that can be caused by any type of physical or emotional stimulus or situation. Stress negatively affects employees within the workforce and can become unmanageable or overwhelming. Workplace stresses are associated with the incidence of different health outcomes. This paper examined the impact of job stress on the health of employees in the banking sector in Warri, Nigeria. The objective of this study was to identify the job stressors that affect the health of workers and examine the relationship between job stress and health status of employees. The job demands – control model was adopted as the theoretical framework. The quantitative method of data collection was adopted in the study. The descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study while bank employees in Warri constituted the unit of analysis for this study. The study selected 271 respondents who were administered questionnaire in commercial banks in Warri, Delta State. Data collected for the study were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study found that employees in the banking sector are faced with job stressors like workload, inadequate break time, limited promotion opportunities and the resultant effect of these stressors include high blood pressure, constant headache, continuous feeling of anxiety, sleeplessness, depression, irritability, ulcer and chest pain. The study recommends that management should abate job stressors in the workplace by introducing workplace schemes such as teamwork and physical activities for employees which is extremely important for combating workplace–related stress as solutions to the challenges of job stress created by the banking institutions in Warri, Delta State.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF PARENTS AND JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN AWKA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE

Onwo, Amaka Ogochukwu — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The paper examines the relationship between parent’s socio-economic status and juvenile delinquency in Awka South Local Government Area of Anambra State. Delinquency has been variously portrayed as a condition of drift, maladjustment, pathology, disturbance moral depravity and unruly behaviour and socio-economic factors play prominent roles in determining behaviours of children in the society. Functionalism was adopted as the theoretical framework study adopted concurrent mixed method research design. Multi-stage sampling procedure which incorporated cluster and simple random sampling techniques were used to draw a sample of 200 respondents from the total population. Questionnaire was used to obtain quantitative data while In-Depth Interview (IDI) Guide was used to elicit qualitative data from interviewees. Quantitative data were processed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Manual content analysis anchored on the thematic method was used in the analysis of qualitative data. The findings revealed that parent’s level of income, level of occupation and level of education have strong nexus with children’s involvement in delinquent acts. The study therefore recommends that parents should always monitor the activities of their children both at home and in schools through their teachers. Again, parents should endeavour not to overlook their children’s anti-social behaviours, such behaviours should be corrected immediately.

FACTORS INFLUENCING UNDERGRADUATES’S INVOLVEMENT IN PONZI SCHOMES IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN ANAMBRA STATE, SOUTH-EAST, NIGERIA

Ibekwe, Christopher Chimaobi, Oli, Nneka Perpetua — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Swindling is a reoccurring phenomenon that has always been in existence since human history and its dimension has not changed. In today’s financial world, Ponzi scheme appears as a more repackage swindling activity with adverse consequences on not just the victim but the society in general. The study examined the factors influencing undergraduates’ involvement in Ponzi schemes in tertiary institutions in Anambra State, South-East, Nigeria. Theory of gullibility was adopted as the theoretical orientation of this study. The mixed methods research design was adopted and multi-stage sampling procedure was used in selecting respondents. A sample size of 1093 was generated statistically using Taro Yamane formula for determining sample size. Instruments for data collection were structured questionnaire and In-Depth Interview (IDI) Guide. The quantitative data were processed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The interviews from the quantitative data were processed using Nivivio and they were analyzed using illustrative quotes extracted from the interviews. The findings indicated that high interest rate, financial handicap, peer pressure, financial investment illiteracy, lack of awareness, greed and materialism were amongst the factors that influence undergraduates’ involvement in Ponzi schemes. Therefore, it was recommended amongst others that government should incorporate indigent undergraduate into Social Safety Net Programme (SSNP) with a monthly stipend. This will help to discourage them from engaging in unhealthy ventures and will also go a long way to cushion the effect of harsh economic realities on poor students.

PSYCHOSOCIAL EFFECTS OF AWAITING TRAIL PERSONS (ATPS) ON CONVICTED OFFENDERS IN ENUGU STATE CORRECTIONAL SERVICE

Osayi, Kelechi Kenneth, Onuoha,Ifeanyi Festus — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Rehabilitation efforts of convicted offenders in Nigeria correctional service centers seem to have been undermined by the overwhelming population of the Awaiting Trail Inmates. The correctional institutions have been so overstretched that proper categorization, separation, housing and subsequent respective specialized treatments of the categories are somewhat deemphasized. This work is an assessment of the cumulative effects of overpopulation and inadequate handling of Awaiting Trail persons on the psychological and social wellbeing of convicted offenders in Enugu correctional center, Enugu State Nigeria. The study adopted the differential association theory as its theoretical framework. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from 200 respondents comprising offenders, Awaiting Trail Persons (ATP_S) and correctional personnel selected through multi-stage sampling procedure. The findings revealed that the overwhelming presence of ATP_Sin Nigeria correctional centers affects the reformation and rehabilitation of offenders. ATPs are more prone to infectious diseases and therefore place the health status of convicted offenders in jeopardy and by extension their entire reformation and rehabilitation process. The study recommended among other, that there should be a periodic reform of the entire Nigeria criminal justice system with the aim of keeping abreast with global best practices in criminal justice administration. It is hoped that this reform will ensure speedy court judgment against the backdrop of incessant adjournment of cases. It will also help to decongest correctional institutions thereby reducing the negative influence of ATPs on the offenders with the hope of achieving maximum prisoners’ rehabilitation and welfare.

THE POLITICS OF GENDER IN CHILD ADOPTION

Ohachenu, Ifeoma Elizabeth — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The child is the traditional reason for marriage. Children are revered and esteemed as a source of pride, strength, security and economic prowess for the family. Thus, a family’s strength is measured by the presence of children in that family but sometimes this traditional expectation is defeated by the issue of childlessness. This condition is known to be the cause of marital instability in African culture just as marital success is based on the ability of a couple to procreate. Child adoption is the plausible option for the childless couple in our society as it affords them the opportunity to have children they can call their own. However, adoption is not without challenges. Certain socio-cultural practices, norms and values that border on gender keep affecting the practice of child abortion. It is against this bedrock that this paper was substantiated with a survey and a comparative review of some empirical studies on the subject matter. The instrument for data collection was a twenty point structured and open ended online questionnaire while the population was fifty and female members of the counseling association of Nigeria (CASSON) and the Anglican diocese of Ideato Whatsapp platforms. They were purposively and randomly enlisted to participate in the study with the equal opportunity given to everyone of them. Analysis was done in simple percentage and for the unstructured response an open-coding technique patterns was used to identify patterns in the responses. These patterns categories and subcategories were identified to group the responses. The findings show that women (70%) resolve the problem of childlessness by adopting a child but more men (59%) do so by marrying a second wife. The most preferred sex in child adoption is male (75%). The husband preference for the male child (92%) female child (8%)while the wife preference for the female child (57%) male child (43%) the study recommend a mass enlightenment programme to re-orient the people out of the culture that limit the women’s access to child adoption.

ALTERNATIVE SENTENCING AND CONGESTION IN PORT HARCOURT CORRECTION SERVICE, RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA

Ohazulike, Gladys Amaechi — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Alternative sentencing in Nigeria criminal justice system has failed to decongest inmates in correction centre. This study examined alternative sentencing and how it can provide decongestion in Port Harcourt prison. The study has insight into the administration of the criminal justice system. The alternative sentencing and prison congestion, the level of congestion is high due to increment in crime rate, court delay and adjournment of cases. Conclusively, excessive use of imprisonment is not actually the only cause of prison congestion but other factors as the court, the police not carrying out proper investigation before apprehending the offender. It also revealed that the alternative sentencing available in Nigeria criminal justice system are limited to the ones employed by the developed nations of the world. This research recommends that the National Assembly should make more policies to suit the crimes committed by offenders. The court should endeavor to judge cases without delay and adjournments, the government should limit the discretionary power conferred on the criminal justice system and building more correctional centers. The plan should include reformation and rehabilitation programmes.

ASSESSMENT OF INTERNAL FACTORS AFFECTING CORRECTION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF CORRECTIONAL SERVICE INMATES IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA

Emerho, Godstine Emerson, Ibekwe, Christopher Chimaobi — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Across various climes and epochs, there have always existed established patterns of dealing with people who apparently fail to conform to the acceptable mores of the society hence, the establishment of modern Correctional Service Centre. This paper assessed the internal factors affecting correction and sustainable development of inmates in Aguata and Onitsha Correctional Service Centre of Anambra State, Nigeria. The theoretical orientation is pinned on the Marzian theory of social conflict. Mixed methods design was employed. The population of the study id one thousand, two hundred and two (1202) staff and inmates of Aguata and Onitsha Centres, and the sample size is 301. This was statistically generated using Taro Yamane formular. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used in selecting the respondents. The quantitative data were processed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software and were analyzed using frequency distribution tables, percentage and charts. Chi-square (x²) inferential statistics was used for hypotheses testing. Descriptive quotes culled from proceedings of the indepth interviews were used to analyze the qualitative data. The paper found amongst others that staff briefing of inmates on matters affecting them (effective communication), inmates use goodwill of prison officials to meet some of their pressing needs, unhygienic state of the correctional centres, inadequate feeding and clothing of inmates and inhumane attitude of officials towards inmates were found to be the major internal factors influencing inmates. The chi-square result shows that there is a significant difference in the views of the staffs and inmates of the centres regarding the influence of availability of training facilities on correctional functions of the centres as p-value (.012) is < .05 sig. level. The study concluded that until these are upturned through careful application of proactive measures, the system would not only continue to suffer some setbacks but sustainable development of the inmates and other services would be a mirage. Therefore, it recommended amongst others that there should compulsory training and retaining of prison staff so as to acquaint them with international best practices on prison management and correctional roles. This will help the staff to be abreast with modern practices and relationship with inmates enhanced. Again, skilled trainers on areas of tailoring, sop/shop making, wood-

SOCIAL FACTORS AFFECTING MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH CARE SERVICES IN ENUGU EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ENUGU STATE NIGERIA

Okeke, Ngozi Chineye — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Maternal and child health care services involve the care given to a woman during pregnancy and after birth as well as her child. This study scrutinized social factors affecting maternal and child health care services in Enugu East Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria. The theoretical framework for the study is symbolic interactionist theory. Cross sectional survey design was adopted. The study participants were mothers of child bearing age (15-49) residents of Enugu East Local Government Area. The sample size was 400 respondents. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used in the study. The major instruments of data collection used were questionnaire and In-Depth Interviews (IDI) guide. Quantitative data were processed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and analyzed using percentages and frequency distribution tables. Qualitative data were provided from the transcription of the electronic recorded interview and field notes and analyzed using manual thematic content analysis technique. Findings of the study indicate that there is adequate provision and underutilization of maternal and child health care services in Enugu East Local Government Area. It also found some social factors affecting maternal and child health care services such as: income, accessibility/availability, education, place of residence, employment and gender inequality. The study recommends that accessibility/availability of health care services should be ensures by the government and non-governmental organizations. The free maternal and child health care policy established by government should be properly implemented to be effective in all the communities (both urban and rural).

INTERNET OF THINGS, 5G AND CYBER SECURITY: IMPLICATIONS FOR NIGERIA

Chikwendu, Stephen Chilaka, Emerho, Godstime Emerson — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This paper examines cyber security issues associated with the development of the internet of things (IOT) and the fifth generation (5G) wireless technology in Nigeria. Internet of things refers to the network comprises of physical objects capable of gathering and sharing electronic information while 5G is the wireless technology developed to speed up this process. The internet of things is becoming part of daily life activities with an unpredictable speed an unintended risks. The peculiar risks associated with IOT include the possibility of unauthorized hands like cyber criminals getting hold of items like cars, electronic appliances, power station and security system, amongst others and using them to their advantage and against the people. This study looked at lot, 5G and their capacities or increased cyber security are far reaching it is recommended that regulation targeted at migrating the cyber security issues that will continue to arise from IOT as it evolves should be put in a place also, the rigidity inherit in changing or amending laws in Nigeria should be revisited particularly as it concerns IOT and cyber security