Journal of Social Sciences and Education

Age and Gender in Children Identification, Experience and Perception of Physical Punishment

Uchechi F Chukwuma — Tue, 10 Jul 2018 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigated the role of age and gender in the identification, perception and experience of physical punishment among primary school pupils. Six hypotheses were postulated and tested. A total number of 150 children ages 7-9 and 10-11 comprising of 81 female and 69 males was used for the study. They were drawn through stratified random sampling from the primary 3 and Primary 5 pupils of NAOWA Primary school, Ikeja, Lagos State. The children were aged between 7-8, 11months and 10-11,11months with a mean age of 108.98 and a standard deviation of 16.25. The data was analyzed using 2x2 independent chi-square statistics. The result of the study showed no gender differences in children’s identification of punishment [χ² (1) = 3.72, p > .05]. Gender differences were however found in the perception [χ² (1) = 10.93, p < .005] and experience [χ² (1) = 6.13, p < .05] of punishment. No age differences were found in the identification [χ² (1) = 1.24, p > .05] and perception [χ² (1) = 1.12, p > .05] of punishment but there was a significant age difference in the experience of punishment. Recommendations and suggestions for further studies were made based on the findings of the study.

Role of Mediated Communication in the Emergence of Popular Culture among Youths in Africa

Joseph Oluchukwu Wogu, Ph.D — Tue, 10 Jul 2018 00:00:00 +0000

This research studied the Big Brother Africa (BBA) and its role in the emergence of popular culture in Africa. It sought also to find out the influence or role of mediated communication the BBA programmes impact on its consumers and subsequent emergence of popular culture in the continent. The study adopted survey method of data gathering, wherein a sample size of 356 respondents was chosen. Descriptive statistics was used as method of analysis. The survey results showed that most of the respondents are consumers of BBA shows. The study equally observed that the BBA shows are characteristically sensual, promotes nakedness and immorality while trying to promote a western lifestyle in an African context. The study observed that BBA consumers who are mostly youths are influenced by the BBA Reality Television show, and consequently tend to entrench an alien culture as a popular culture among them. Implications of the study were drawn from the findings and amongst other, the study therefore recommended that the African Union and other sub-regional bodies should make bold to sponsor, and moderate BBA through the integration of basic African identities into their show.

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION, CO2 EMISSION ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA

Tue, 10 Jul 2018 00:00:00 +0000

Developing economy like Nigeria requires energy consumption by productive sector to drive her growing economy. Most ecological economists have argued that the increasing energy consumption leads to increase in CO² emission and economic growth in Nigeria. However, few studies have been carried out to investigate the relationship between energy consumption, CO² emission and economic growth in Nigeria. Most related studies lack appropriate theoretical framework, the inclusion of relevant variable and the adoption of relevant models; these may have affected the result of their studies. It is against this background that this study investigates the effect of energy consumption, CO² emission on economic growth in Nigeria, for the period of 1981 to 2015. The paper relied on Zivot-Andrews unit root technique to examine the unit roots properties of the variables the variables have structural breaks ranging from 1995 to 2010. Also, the ARDL model was employed to examine the effect of energy consumption and CO² emission on economic growth. In addition to the explanatory variable are capital and labour. The Granger causality test technique was employed to examine the relationship between energy consumption, CO² emission and economic growth. The bounds testing results infer that long-run relationship run from economic growth (RGDP) to Capital, Labour, energy consumption and CO² emission. The estimated result of the ARDL models revealed that energy consumption, capital and labour contribute positively to economic growth. While CO² emission contribute negatively to economic growth in the short-run. This result was supported by the long-run estimated. Though in the long-run, capital and labour were not significant. The Granger causality test result revealed a uni-directional causality from capital to economic growth and labour to economic growth. But a bi-directional causality was expressed between energy consumption and economic growth and CO²emission and economic growth. An important recommendation resulting from these results is that policy makers should begin to implement policies, especially the energy policy of 2003, toward encouraging the use of alternative energy sources such as solar, wind, and biomass.

IMPACTS OF NON-MILITARY THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY IN NIGERIA

Felix Iduma Oko, Chinedu Anthony Nwosu, Immaculata Chukwu — Tue, 10 Jul 2018 00:00:00 +0000

This article examined the impacts of non-military threats as a cause to national insecurity in Nigeria. It also studied the nexus between national security and human security with a critique on the realist conceptualisation of security. Using the doctrinal approach hinged on exposition and analysis, the findings of the paper indicated that the core attributes and responsibilities of the state system such as territoriality, maintenance of law and order and the protection of lives and property are being challenged by numerous non-military threats in Nigeria. The preponderance and ubiquity of these non-military military threats such as poverty, hunger, drug trafficking, kidnapping, environmental degradation, immigration and arms smuggling is eroding the national security landscape of Nigeria. Thus, the paper recommended among other things, improving education and promoting good governance; confronting the scourge of HIV/AIDs and other endemic diseases through the provision of free and adequate health facilities. The paper also drew attention to the imperativeness of security sector reforms in Nigeria.