Journal of Science & Computer Education

IMPROVING THE MANAGERIAL COMPETENCIES OF HONEY BEE FARMERS FOR POVERTY REDUCTION IN SOUTH EAST ZONE OF NIGERIA

CLARA UKAMAKA NWANKWO — 2018-07-19

The study was designed to improve the competencies of bee farmers for poverty reduction and was carried out in South-East Zone of Nigeria. The population of the study was 781 respondents, which comprised of 590 agricultural extension officers and 191 registered bee farmers in the Zone. The sample size was 474 respondents comprising 372 agricultural extension officers and 102 bee farmers, drawn sing simple random sampling technique. The
instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire developed by the researcher. The instrument was face validated by experts. The reliability coefficient of 0.75
was computed using Cronbach Alpha. Two (2) research questions and two (2) hypotheses guided the study. Mean with standard deviation was used to answer the research questions, while One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance and at the appropriate degree of freedom. The data collected were analyzed and the result showed that the ten (10) competencies examined by the study regarded beehive management were possessed at low extent. The study also showed that the ten (10) strategies identified in the study were reliable enough to improve bee farmers competencies in
this competency area investigated. More so, the findings regarding the two null hypotheses revealed that hypotheses one (Ho₁) was not rejected while hypothesis two (Ho₂) was rejected. Therefore bee farmers improvement depend on the relevant and appropriate (farm education) extension education adopted by extension officers in delivering the extension package. Based on the finding, some implications were deducted from the study and recommendations were made, one of which is that all the identified competencies and strategies for successful bee farming should be incorporated into the extension packages for bee farmers delivered to them properly by extension officers.

CHALLENGES TO COMPUTER-BASED SCIENCE INSTRUCTIONS IN SCHOOLS AND ENHANCEMENT STRATEGIES

ROSE AYOGU — 2018-07-19

Quality science education in consonance with the contemporary world issues is what any nation desires for her citizens. Modern life activities are now dominated by technology. Teaching and learning of science subjects in schools has also become computer- led. However, this is not the case with many developing nations, for instance Nigeria where
textbook and theory-oriented instructions are still dominating classroom science instructions. This paper identifies some of the challenging factors to the use of computers and computerbased systems in Nigerian primary and secondary school science instructions. This is with a
view to sensitizing science education stakeholders on the need for remediation since Nigeria's science education programme should be in consonance with the contemporary world science education programmes. Such factors as teachers' skills in the use of computer, provision of
computers to schools, funding computer-based science education, power supply, administrative bottle neck, monitoring and supervision among others are seriously challenging computer-based science instructions in Nigerian schools. Suggestions on enhancement strategies towards tackling the challenges were articulated

INTEGRATING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) INTO SCIENCE EDUCATION PROGRAM IN NIGERIA PROSPECTS, CONSTRAINTS AND REMEDIES

DAVID AGWU UDU — 2018-07-19

Globally, the impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the past decades
has been enormous. ICT plays a crucial role in socio-economic development and in bringing the world together as a global village. ICT is relatively a new development in Nigerian
educational system. It has been found to play a significant role in science education. However, the adoption of ICT and its integration in teaching and learning has met challenges. This paper discussed the constraints to and prospects of integrating ICT into Science Education in Nigeria. The findings, through descriptive research, revealed that science teachers in Nigeria are not using ICT facilities as an integral part of their science teaching/learning process due to some challenges which include high prices of ICT facilities, lack of infrastructure such as
electricity supply, inadequate funding of internet connectivity and lukewarm attitude of many science teachers to be computer literate among others. This paper proffered possible ways of improving ICT integration in science education in Nigeria. It concluded that the importance of ICT integration in science education to improve the quality of science teaching and learning process in schools cannot be over-emphasized. Therefore, science teachers should
see ICT as an indispensable part of science education.

FACTORS AFFECTING STUDENTS' INTEREST IN MATHEMATICS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ENUGU STATE

LEONARD CHINAEDUM ANIGBO — 2018-07-19

This study investigated factors affecting Senior Secondary School Students' Mathematics interest. The factors are student factor, teacher factor, government factor, infrastructural problem, instructional strategy, class size and mathematics anxiety. Two main instruments (FASMRI and MATHRET) constructed and face-validated were administered to 210 Senior
Secondary School one (SSI) Students in the five selected public schools in Enugu and Obollo-Afor Education zones in Enugu State. The reliability coefficient for FASMRI is 0.83 and 0.89 for MATHRET using Split-Half and KR-20/21 procedures respectively. The data collected were analyzed using Pearson Product- moment correlation statistic and multiple regression
analysis technique. Results showed that the seven factors were effective in predicting secondary school students' interest to learn mathematics. More so, teacher factor, student factor, instructional strategy, Mathematics anxiety and infrastructural problem correlate positively with the dependent measure, while class size and government factor correlate negatively with the dependent measure. Nevertheless, the seven factors have significant relative effects on mathematics interest. It is recommended that government should organize
refresher course for mathematics teachers frequently from which teachers can be equipped
with various in structural strategies with which they can use to teach students effectively to enhance their interest for mathematics learning.

PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF WEST AFRICAN EXAMINATION COUNCIL (WAEC) O'LEVEL MULTIPLE CHIOCE PAST QUESTION PAPER ON ECONOMICS FOR THE YEAR 2013

FREDRICK EKENE ONAH — 2018-07-19

This study deals with the psychometric analysis of WAEC. The objective was to examine the difficulty, discrimination and distracter indices of SSCE Multiple Choice Past Question Papers in Economics for 2013. An attempt was made to find out whether difficulty,
discrimination, and distracter indices meet the required standard using Classical Test Theory (CTT) item analysis to analyze the result. The design is indeed descriptive survey. Owerri
Municipal Council, Imo State, Nigeria was the study area. The population for the study
comprised all year three (SSIII) senior secondary school students who enrolled for May/June 2013 Economics senior secondary school certificate examination of WAEC in Owerri Municipal Council of Imo State. The sample for the study was one hundred (100) students. Stratified random sampling technique was used to get this sample. WAEC 2013 multiple choice Economics questions were the instruments for the study. Item analysis using SPSS computer programme was carried out. This implies that difficult level of items set by WAEC is relatively moderate. The result also indicates that discrimination and distracter indices of
these two examinations are not in conformity with required standard. It is recommended that experts in the field of measurement and evaluation should be trained and employed by WAEC to write and /or vet tests set by WAEC to ensure a proper test construction standard.

INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF BUSINESS EDUCATION STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITIES IN ENUGU STATE

IJEOMA EZEABII — 2018-07-19

The study was aimed at determining the influence of social media on academic performance of business education students in universities in Enugu State. Survey research design was used for the study. Two research questions and two null-hypotheses guided the study. The population of the study was 100 students from the three universities that offer business education in Enugu State. The population was as sample due to the manageable size. A 20 –
item questionnaire was used to elicit information from the respondents. The instrument was face-validated by three experts from the department of technology and vocational education
(TVE) Enugu state University of Science and Technology (ESUT). Cronbach alpha was used to determine the internal consistency of the instrument and it yielded a reliability coefficient of
0.89, indicating that the instrument was reliable. The data collected were analyzed using mean with standard deviation. The hypotheses were tested using t-test at 0.05 level of significance. It was found that social media has both positive and negative influence on academic performance of business education students. Based on the findings, it was
recommended among others that parents should exercise control over the time their children/wards devote to social media. Moreso, business educators should emphasize the use of time table so that business education students will learn how to allocate time to each programme.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFFECTS OF LEARNING ACTIVITY PACKAGE INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY (LAPIS) AND LECTURE METHOD ON STUDENTS' ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL CHEMISTRY

C A EZEANO — 2018-07-19

The study compared the effects of Learning Activity Package Instructional Strategy (LAPIS) and Lecture method on students' academic achievement in senior secondary school
chemistry. Two (2) research questions and three (3) research hypotheses guided the study. The study employed quasi-experimental design. The sample comprised 235 SS2 Chemistry students, from secondary schools in Afikpo Education zone of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The
experimental groups were exposed to LAPIS while the control groups were exposed to Lecture method. Data was collected using Chemistry Achievement Test on Water (CATOW) which was validated by three experts and reliability indices of 0.82 and 0.94 were obtained using Kuder Richardson's (K-R 20) and Pearson's Product moment correlation respectively.
The research questions were answered using mean with standard deviation while the null hypotheses were tested at 5% level of significance, using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The findings revealed that the LAPIS was more effective in enhancing students' achievement
in chemistry than the Lecture method. Also, there was no significant difference in male and female students' achievement in chemistry. Based on the findings, the researcher recommends, among others, that chemistry teachers should teach chemistry with LAPIS to encourage active engagement and self-motivation among learners for enhanced academic
achievement.

POWERPOINT SKILLS NEEDED BY BUSINESS EDUCATION POST GRADUATE STUDENTS FOR EFFECTIVE PRESENTATION OF RESEARCH WORKS IN ENUGU STATE

EMEKA PROMISE UGWUNWOTI — 2018-07-19

The need to ensure effective presentation of research works necessitated this study to determine PowerPoint skills needed by business education postgraduate students for
effective presentation of research works in Enugu state. Five research questions guided the
study. The study employed a survey research design. The sample used for the study was 120 business education postgraduate lecturers in two government owned universities in Enugu
state. A 32 – item structured questionnaire which was face validated by three experts was used for data collection. The reliability coefficient of the instrument was tested using cronbach Alpha which yielded overall value of 0.86. Data collected from the study were analyzed with mean and standard deviation to answer research questions. Findings indicated that business education postgraduate students needs PowerPoint skills –
manipulative, electronic, interpersonal and communication for effective presentation of their research works. Based on the findings and conclusion some recommendations were made.

REASONING PATTERNS AS DETERMINANT FACTORS FOR PROPER EXPLANATION OF BIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA

N M MBAJIORGU — 2018-07-19

Phenomenon can be seen as something that happens or exist in society, science, or nature, especially something that is studied because it is difficult to understand .They have rare quality or ability that identifies them as being unusual. They are facts or events of scientific interest susceptible to scientific description and explanation. It attracts attention to identify the underlying cause so as to find out why and how it occurred This paper therefore, considers the reasoning pattern that are determinants factors for proper explanation of biological phenomena. It analyzes different premises of reasoning and their implications to every explanation. It emphasizes finding out cause-to- effect and effect-to- cause of any
phenomenon through causal reasoning.

ANALYSIS OF HONEY HARVESTING COMPETENCIES OF BEE FARMERS FOR IMPROVING HONEY HARVESTING FOR POVERTY REDUCTION IN SOUTH EAST ZONE OF NIGERIA

CLARA UKAMAKA NWANKWO — 2018-07-19

The study investigated honey harvesting competences of bee farmers for improving production efficiency for poverty reduction in South east zone of Nigeria. Survey research
design was adopted for the study. The population for the study was 781 respondents, which comprised 590 Agricultural Extension Officers and 191 registered Bee farmers in the Zone.
A sample size of 474 respondents, comprising 372 Agricultural Extension Officers and 102 Bee Farmers was drawn using simple random sampling technique. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire developed by the researcher. The instrument was face validated by experts. A reliability coefficient of 0.73 was obtained using Cronbach Alpha. Two research questions and two null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Mean with standard deviation was used to answer the research questions while one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of
significance and at appropriate degree of freedom. The study found that the ten (10) competencies examined in the study regarding honey harvesting were possessed at low extent and that the ten (10) strategies identified in the study were reliable enough for improving the bee farmers' competencies. The study also showed that bee farmers competencies improvement depend on the relevant and appropriate extension education adopted by the extension officers in delivering the extension package. Based on these findings, it was recommended that all the identified competencies strategies for successful
bee farming should be incorporated into the extension package for bee farmers delivered to
them properly by extension officers, and that bee farmers should be encouraged to develop
competencies in bee farming by involving them through learning by doing not utilizing casual workers.

THE NEED FOR BIOLOGY TEACHERS' EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA BEYOND YEAR 2020

JOSEPHINE CHINELO NWACHUKWU — 2018-07-19

The importance of biology teacher education and development in Nigeria
beyond year 2020 cannot be over emphasized. This is because when in-service
biology teachers are properly educated on basic principles of teaching,
characteristics of good teaching, desirable teachers behaviors, how to utilize
various new biology teaching methods, teaching skills and biology resources,
application of principles of motivation as well as utilization of ICT (information and communication technology) especially application of CAI (computer assisted instruction), CMI (computer-managed instruction), e-teaching methods for teaching their students, these biology students will achieve very high in their examination especially in senior secondary school certificate examinations (SSCE) being organized by WAEC (West African Examination Council) and NECO (National Examination Council).

REASONING PATTERNS AMONG JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS ABOUT BIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA IN BASIC SCIENCE IN ENUGU EDUCATION ZONE

N M MBAJIORGU — 2018-07-19

This study was aimed at finding out the reasoning patterns among Junior Secondary school students about Biological phenomena in Basic science in Enugu Education Zone. Survey
research design was adopted. Ten (10) Schools were sampled out of the forty (40) secondary schools in the Zone. In each of the ten (10) schools, seven (7) students from the three Junior classes JSI, JSII and JSIII, was sampled for the research. The Instrument for data collection were structured questionnaire (SQ) that was administered to a sample of 210 respondents and structured interview Schedule (SIS) used in interviewing thirty (30) students that were further sampled out from the 210 respondents, (ie 3 students from each school). Data Collected for research questions 1 and 2 were answered using mean and Standard deviation while research question 3 was answered using Percentages. The findings are that the students answer
questions on animal prompts more than plant prompts. They respond more correctly to questions on “How'' biological phenomena occur, than question on “Why” biological
phenomena occur.

ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS NEEDS OF ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONICS TECHNICAL COLLEGE GRADUATES FOR SELF-EMPLOYMENT IN ABUA-ODUAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, RIVERS STATE

B E C E ONOH — 2018-07-19

The study was carried out to determine entrepreneurial skills needs of electrical/electronics technical college graduates for self-employment in Abua-Odual Local Government Area, Rivers State. In carrying out the research, two research questions and two null hypotheses were formulated. The population for the study was 40 electrical/electronics technical college graduates. This consists of 25 males and 15 females. All the 40 electrical/electronics
technical Colleges graduates were used for the study without sampling as a result of the relatively small population size. A 20-items structured questionnaire developed from the reviewed literature was used as instrument for data collection. Forty Copies of the questionnaire were administered and retrieved by the researcher. This amounted to 100% return rate. Research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation while t-test was used to test the three null hypotheses at .05 level of significance. The findings of the study are that technical college graduates need entrepreneurial skills such as technical skills, managerial skills, accounting skills and interpersonal skills among others for self-employment. It was therefore recommended that electrical/electronics technical college graduates should acquire entrepreneurial skills such as planning skills, technical skills, accounting skills and interpersonal skills, which will help them to be self-employed. Also, sensitization campaign should be carried out by the government in collaboration with technical education institutions in quest to sensitizing both technical college students and graduates on the need to acquire entrepreneurial skills for self-employment.

ENHANCING ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION GRADUATES OF FEDERAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION TECHNICAL (OMOKU) FOR SELF EMPLOYMENT IN RIVERS STATE

B E C E ONOH — 2018-07-19

The study was designed to determine ways of enhancing entrepreneurial competencies of building construction graduate of Federal College of Education (Technical) Omoku, River
State. Two research questions and two null hypotheses were formulated for the study. Survey research design was used for the study. A 15 item questionnaire was used to elicit responses from 6 respondents, who were 30 lecturers and 30 renounce entrepreneur in the locality. The reliability of the instruments was determined using Cronbach alpha which yielded a reliability
coefficient of 0.69. Mean with standard deviation were used to answer the research question while t-test statistics was used to test the null hypothesis. The study revealed that training/retraining of graduates will help enhance their entrepreneurial competencies in the
building construction occupation. Also the graduates require fund for entrepreneurial activities like opening of marketing/block moulding industry or selling building materials amongst other. It was recommended therefore, that training/retraining programs should be organised by the government for graduates of building construction of colleges of education
(Technical). Also, those building construction graduates of colleges of education (Technical) should be motivated by the government for effective performance in their occupation.

MOTIVATIONAL STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTIVE LEARNING OF MATHEMATICS AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN OBOLLO-AFOR EDUCATION ZONE OF ENUGU STATE

STANISLUS SOCHIMA UNODIAKU — 2018-07-19

The main purpose of the study was to investigate the Motivational strategies for effective learning of Mathematics among selected senior secondary school classes II students. The researcher adopted descriptive survey design to determine motivational strategies that can enhance secondary school students Mathematics learning. The population of the study
consisted of all the senior secondary school classes II (SSS II) students, which is 3384 students in the 48 secondary schools in Obllo-Afor Education Zone of Enugu State. Three research questions and three null hypotheses guided the study. The hypotheses were tested at PÜ .05 level of significance. The instrument used for data collection was a researcher developed structured questionnaire of the four-point Likert type. The questionnaire instrument was face validated by experts in Measurement and Evaluation and Lecturers in
Mathematics Education. The reliability coefficient of the instrument was obtained using test retest method which yielded 0.87. Mean was used to answer the research questions while chi-square.

CONCEPT MAPPING AS AN INSTRUCTIONAL METHOD TO ENHANCE ACHIEVEMENT IN SECONDARY SCHOOL PHYSICS

JULIET NWAKAEGO UGWUANYI — 2018-07-19

Concepts in physics education underpin a high level of technical knowledge and therefore are crucial to success in many technical disciplines. However, misconceptions in elementary physics are quite common among secondary school students. Therefore, it is important to identify and implement the most effective teaching and learning methods that can reduce instances in physics misconceptions and enhance both short-term and long-term achievement. The concept maps also provide better ways of summarizing concepts learned during the lesson thereby making it relatively easier for the lessons to be reviewed and key points in the lesson reported or reinforced as a required. However, instructional concept maps
is an effective teaching and learning tool for developing concepts of electric current in physics.

COMPUTER–BASED TRAINING AND WEB-BASED LEARNING STRATEGIES NEEDED FOR EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NSUKKA LOCAL GOVERNMENT

JOSEPH AGU EZEUGWU — 2018-07-19

Technology innovations have facilitated the instructional delivery system of imparting
knowledge and dissemination of information in ways that were not previously possible. This
study was therefore designed to identify the e-learning strategies needed for effective teaching and learning of Physical Education in secondary schools. The study was carried out in Nsukka local government area of Enugu state. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The sample population for the study was 24 Physical Education teachers. Questionnaire, validated by 3 experts knowledgeable in e-learning was used for
data collection. Using Pearson Product moment correlation method/ an internal consistency coefficient of 0.78 was obtained. Mean score was used in data analysis. The
results of the study revealed that the 22 e-learning strategies are needed for effective teaching and learning of Physical Education in secondary schools. It was therefore recommended that Physical Education teachers should adopt the e-learning strategies needed for effective teaching and learning of Physical Education among others. Key words: Secondary school, physical education, e-learning and strategy.

EFFECT OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS ON JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' RETENTION IN STATISTICS IN ENUGU EDUCATION ZONE OF ENUGU STATE

SAMUEL ONYINYECHI NNEJI — 2018-07-19

This study was aimed at investigating the effect of Computer Graphics, a computer aided instruction strategy on junior secondary school students' retention in statistics. It was a quasi-experimental study, pretest-posttest, non equivalent groups design. A total of 389 JSSII students were sampled from four secondary schools in Enugu education zone. The schools were made up of two rural and two urban schools drawn by purposive sampling while eight intact classes were randomly sampled and assigned experimental and control groups. Statistics Achievement Test (SAT) was used for data collection. The instrument had 30 items.
It was validated by three research experts. A reliability of 0 .65 was obtained for SAT using Kuder Richardson 20 (KR-20) formula. Two research Questions and three hypotheses guided
the study. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while the hypotheses were tested at .05 level of significance using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Major findings of the study revealed that students in the experimental group taught statistics with computer graphics retained higher than their counterparts who were taught with expository method. There was no significant interaction between teaching strategy and school location with regards to students' retention in statistics. It was recommended, among
other things, that mathematics teachers should use computer graphics for teaching statistics in junior secondary schools.

SPECIAL PRACTICES THAT INFLUENCE ADULT SUICIDE IN EDEM COMMUNITY IN NSUKKA LGA OF ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA

ANTHONY C UGWUOKE — 2018-07-19

The study was aimed at determining the influence of social practices of the people of Edem in adult suicide. One research questions as well as one hypothesis were postulated to guide the
study. A descriptive case study design was employed in the study with a sample of 601 adults. Data were gathered by means of questionnaire. The data generated were analyzed using frequency and percentage for answering the research questions. Chi-square was used for
testing the hypothesis at p<.05. Findings from the study showed that social practices (50.54%) influenced adult suicide in Edem. Chi-square test revealed that gender made no significant
difference in the social practices that influenced adult suicide in Edem
(cal.2=2.13>tab.2=3.84, df=1, p<.05). Based on the above results, the researcher
recommended the education of the people to change the offending social practices. Also that recreational facilities should be provided and utilization by the people to help fight against boredom and tension in the individuals and community generally.

EXTENT OF AVAILABILITY AND UTILIZATION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) RESOURCES FOR EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF SCIENCE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS INUDI L.G.A OF ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA

NNENNA GRACE EZECHI — 2018-07-19

The study investigated the extent of availability and utilization of ICT Resources for effective teaching and learning of science in secondary schools in Udi Local Government Area of
Enugu State. Three research questions guided the study. Survey Research design was used. A sample of 120 SS3 science students was randomly drawn from four schools out of 21 coeducational schools in Udi L.G.A. A structured questionnaire was used. The instrument was face validated by experts. The reliability co-efficient of 0.76 was obtained for the instrument using Cronbach alpha. Data analysis was carried out using frequency, percentage and mean.
Findings showed that most of the required ICT resources were not available in the schools. The only ICT Resources utilized by the teacher are the mobile cellular phones and public address systems. The researcher recommended among others that Government should provide ICT resources in schools for effective teaching and learning.

EFFECT OF COMPUTER GAME ON STUDENTS' RETENTION IN MATHEMATICS

SAMUEL ONYINYECHI NNEJI — 2018-07-19

This study was designed to investigate the effect of Computer Game, a computer aided instruction strategy on secondary school students' retention in mathematics. It was a quasiexperimental
study, pretest-posttest, non equivalent groups design. A total of 152 SSII students
were sampled from two secondary schools in Agbani education zone. The schools were made up of one rural and one urban schools drawn by purposive sampling while four intact classes were randomly sampled and assigned experimental and control groups. Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT) was used for data collection. The instrument was validated by experts. A reliability of 0 .65 was obtained for MAT using Kuder Richardson 20 (KR-20) formula. Two research
Questions and three hypotheses guided the study. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while the hypotheses were tested at 0 .05 level of significance using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Major findings of the study revealed that students in the experimental group taught mathematics with computer game retained higher than their
counterparts who were taught with expository method. There was no significant interaction
between teaching strategy and school location with regards to students' retention in mathematics. The findings of this study have vital implications, hence imperative for improving the quality of secondary education in Nigeria were highlighted
Specifically, it was recommended among other things, that mathematics teachers should use computer game for teaching mathematics in secondary schools.

POTENTIALS REQUIRED BY ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION GRADUATES FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL SCALE SOLAR POWER INSTALLATION COMPANY

B C E C ONOH — 2018-07-19

This study was set to ascertain potentials required by electrical electronics technology education graduates for entrepreneurship development of small scale of solar power Installation Company. The study was essential due to the current issue of unemployment
among graduates of tertiary institutions and a challenge to the society in the area of epileptic power supply in Nigeria. Three research questions and three null hypotheses guided the study. A survey research design was adopted while the population was 46 graduates of electrical
electronics technology education in Anambra state. Instrument for data collection was structured questionnaire which was made up of three sections according to the research
questions that guided the study. The questionnaire has a total of 28 item statements designed in 4 point response categories of very highly needed, highly needed, moderately needed, and
not needed with numerical values of 4, 3, 2 and 1 respectively. Mean with standard deviation were used to answer the three research questions while t-test was used to test the three null hypotheses at .05 level of significance. The findings of the study showed that ability integrate different employee to work harmoniously as a group to achieve organizational objective among others are the management skills required for self employment. Also, it was found that ability to vary the output voltage, current and power from the solar panel and batteries among others are the technical skills required. Recommendation were made which include youths should be encourage to embark on self actualization skills through identified skills.

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE SKILL NEEDS OF TECHNICAL COLLEGE GRADUATES FOR JOB CREATION AND SELFRELIANCE IN ENUGU STATE

B C C E ONOH — 2018-07-19

The acquisition of skills especially in electrical installation and maintenance trades will undoubtably lead to job creation and self-reliance as lack of employment is an evidence of unsaleable skills possessed by technical college graduates. This study was conducted to determine the electrical installation and maintenance skill needs of technical college graduates for job creation and self-reliance in Enugu State. The population for the study
comprised of 33 graduates in rural and 64 graduates in urban cities of Enugu state. Due to manageable size of the population, there was no sampling. Two research questions were raised and answered using mean and standard deviation while hypotheses formulated were
tested using t-test at .05 level of significance. The study adopted descriptive (survey) research design while data was collected using a structured questionnaire developed by the researcher. The instrument was validated by three experts; the reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach Alpha which gave a high co-efficient result of 0.78. Some of the findings include: electrical installation and maintenance work skills like Planing the layout and installation of wiring, Testing of electrical work for safety, Competence with tools, effectives use of materials, inspection of electrical installation, interpretation of
wiring drawing and the likes are highly needed for job creation. It was therefore
recommended amongst others that all the identified skills should be integrated into the curriculum of technical colleges for training of students; Government should endeavour to finance and equip technical college workshops as to encourage more training and equipment of students with necessary skills for job creation and self reliance upon graduation in Enugu State.

CONTENT VALIDITY OF NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL SENIOR SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION ECONOMICS OBJECTIVE TESTS

LEONARD CHINAEDUM ANIGBO — 2018-07-19

The study was conducted to investigate the content validity of NECO multiple choice Economics test items for 2009-2011 academic sessions. Two purposes of study were formulated with two corresponding research questions. Survey research design was adopted for the study. The population for the study was nine thousand seven hundred and five students that sat for Economics during the three years under study. Internal consistency of the instrument was established using Kuder Richardson formula 20 (KR 20) which gave reliability index of .79. Research questions were answered using means and standard deviations. The findings showed high percentage inclusions of most topics/themes and a high percentage coverage of behavioral objectives for three years under study. The researchers recommended among others that Federal Ministry of Education and National Education Research Development Council (NERDC) should ensure that content validation are carried out for all test packages used in public examinations in Nigeria.

SMALL SCALE EXPERIMENT AND STUDENTS' ACHIEVEMENT AND RETENTION IN PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY

C A EZEANO — 2018-07-19

This paper considered the Effect of Small Scale Experiment on Students' Retention and Achievement in Chemistry. Chemistry as a practical-oriented subject requires laboratory materials for its effective teaching, learning, and retention. These much needed materials are often in short supply in many secondary schools. The results are that some topics are skipped, some practical topics are taught theoretically instead and or the skills involved are just demonstrated. Demonstration with its merits cannot replace the experience students will have in hands-on-activities. Small scale experiment can be used to teach practical chemistry with small quantity of laboratory chemicals. The sample is 100
senior secondary (SS) II chemistry students drawn from three senior secondary schools in the study area, Enugu North L. G. A. of Enugu State. Two research questions guided the study. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions. The findings revealed that the experimental group achieved and retained more than the control group.