African Journal of Social and Behavioural Sciences

TABLE OF CONTENTS — 2024-05-26

AFRICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES (AJSBS) - VOLUME 14, NUMBER 2 (MAY, 2024)

ANALYSIS OF COVERAGE OF POLITICAL THUGGERY BY SELECT MAINSTREAM NEWSPAPERS IN NIGERIA

Samuel Idowu Ogunbadejo — 2024-05-26

This study investigated how three major Nigerian newspapers covered political thuggery. The goal was to assess the frequency of political thuggery coverage in the newspapers and to identify the perspectives each paper presented between July and December. Content analysis was employed to gather data from news and feature stories on political thuggery in Nigeria during the period from July to December 2022. A total of 160 editions of the newspapers were analysed. The research was based on framing theory and conflict theory, using frequency tables and simple percentages to present the data. The study found that November and December 2022 saw the highest coverage of political thuggery in the newspapers. It also indicated that the predominant stance in the selected papers was that political thuggery should be deterred, with perpetrators arrested and prosecuted by the relevant authorities. The study suggested that there should be increased reporting on political thuggery in Nigeria and that journalists should receive training on how to cover and report on this issue to prevent escalation.

EXPLORING THE INTERSECTION OF JOURNALISM AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Bernice Oluwalanu Sanusi — 2024-05-26

There have been a rise in the number of women seeking entrepreneurship and pursuing journalism careers. This trend highlights several difficulties these women encounter in juggling their responsibilities and career roles. These women are examples of resiliency, inventiveness, and determination in the face of difficulty, from breaking news stories to breaking barriers in business. While research exist on difficulties faced by female journalists, little is known about the challenges encountered by female journalists who may be interested in pursuing business ventures in addition to their journalism careers. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the difficulties faced by female journalists-entrepreneurs, examining the complex relationships that influence their career paths. This study employed a qualitative research design, with Feminist theory used as the theoretical framework. The data were collected through interviews with five conveniently selected women journalists-entrepreneurs, from Osun State Broadcasting Corporation (OSBC). Data from the interview was transcribed, translated, and thematically analysed. Findings revealed that attending to family’s needs is the most challenging, such as the demands of being a mother, attending family functions, forgetting to meet some family/personal tasks due to demands from work and business, colleagues purchasing products and not paying when due is also challenging. Therefore, this study recommended that women should have a to-do list for daily and weekly activities to ensure demands do not clash. Furthermore, women should have sales representatives to assist with business operations while at work, this will help have a healthy balance between their journalism careers, entrepreneurial pursuits, and personal life to avoid burnout. In addition, governments should increase access to funding for women journalist-entrepreneurs through grants, loans, and investment opportunities.

IMPACT OF PARENTING STYLE ON SELF-PERCEPTION OF ADOLESCENTS ATTENDING SCHOOL IN AKKO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF GOMBE STATE

Dabit Joseph — 2024-05-26

This research investigates the impact of parenting style on the self-image of in school adolescents in Akko Local Government Area of Gombe State. The study involved 150 in-school adolescents aged 10-19, comprising 75 males and 75 females, with 122 identifying as Islam followers and 28 as Christians. Employing a Survey design with an ex-post-facto approach, the research utilized the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale as instruments for data collection. Multiple regression analysis was employed to analyse the obtained data. The findings indicated a significant negative correlation between parenting style and adolescent self-esteem. Three hypotheses were tested at a 0.05 significance level. Hypothesis one proposed that children raised under authoritative parenting style might experience a distorted self-image, which was not supported. Similarly, hypotheses two and three posited that adolescents raised under authoritarian and permissive parenting styles, respectively, would have lower self-esteem, but these hypotheses were also not supported. The study concluded that parenting style negatively affects self-image.

INFLUENCE OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND PEER PRESSURE ON ADOLESCENT DELINQUENT BEHAVIOUR AMONG SOME SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN KEFFI TOWN

Abdulrazak Abdullahi Akyo — 2024-05-26

Delinquent behaviours in adolescence have been an increasing cause for concern in every part of the world. It is on this account, that this study aims to investigate the influence of domestic violence and peer pressure on adolescent delinquent behaviour among selected secondary school students in Keffi, Nigeria. A sample of 255 participants, comprising 130 (51%) males and 125 (49%) females participated in the study. The study made use of a survey research design and employed a structured questionnaire as a means of data collection. Descriptive statistics, hierarchical regression and Pearson correlation were used for data analysis. Results of the findings indicate that a positive correlation emerged between domestic violence and delinquent behaviour (r= .154, p<0.05), while a negative correlation was observed between peer pressure and delinquent behaviour (r= -.167, p<0.05). Furthermore, a joint predictive effect was evident, with domestic violence and peer pressure collectively impacting adolescent delinquency (R= .200, F=5.268, p<0.01). Notably, gender distinctions did not significantly influence delinquent behaviour (t= -1.501, p>0.05). In light of these results,
recommendations advocate for the implementation of guidance and counselling programs tailored to adolescents, aiming to equip them with coping mechanisms for life challenges.

EFFECTIVENESS OF THE STATUTORY ROLE OF FEDERAL ROAD SAFETY CORPS IN REDUCTION OF ROAD TRAFFIC CRASHES IN KOGI STATE, NIGERIA

Gloria Ojonoka Dangana- Onuche — 2024-05-26

Road traffic crash is one of the major causes of death for young people worldwide. Mortality and injury related to fatal accident are increasing partly due to the level of motorization. This paper therefore examines the effectiveness of the statutory role of the Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC) in the reduction of road traffic crashes in Kogi State, Nigeria. Data for the study was elicited from 400 respondents across the three senatorial districts in the study area using semi-structured questionnaires and analysed quantitatively using descriptive statistics. Findings from the study revealed that; out of the 20 statutory roles of the FRSC in Kogi State, only six were discharged effectively which denotes that their operational is not satisfactory. The study also found that behavioural problems on the parts of motorists and other road users, poor road design, improperly placed or absence of road signs and lack of maintenance of existing roads, untimely implementations, evaluation of road safety programmes and inadequate founding of the commission were the contributory factors to the ineffectiveness of the statutory roles of the FRSC (54.7%). The study therefore recommends among others that, a consistent and collective effort from the government, stakeholders and behavioural change on the part of the individuals can help to achieve sustainable road safety practices in Nigeria. More importantly, the FRSC should be stricter in enforcing road safety precautions in terms of the use of seat belt, use of mobile phones while driving, speed limits, the use of speed limit devices and giving of prompt medical attention and care to accident victims on the road.

INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL VERBAL ABUSE, DOMICILIATION, GENDER AND AGE ON EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN OWERRI, NIGERIA

Maxwell Tom Simon — 2024-05-26

This study investigated the influence of parental verbal abuse, domiciliation, gender and age among secondary school students in Owerri. Three hundred and seventeen secondary school students were selected from three secondary schools in Owerri through the simple random sampling technique. Participants comprised of 141 males and 176 females with ages ranging from 14 to 17 years (Mean = 15.25 years; SD = 0.94). The participants were administered the Parental Verbal Abuse Scale and the Emotional Intelligence Scale. Four hypotheses were postulated and tested. The Cross-sectional survey design was adopted while multiple regression statistics was used to analyze the data collected. Results revealed that parental verbal abuse (β = -.051, p = -.367, t = -.904), domiciliation (β = - 011, p = -.851, t = -.188), gender (β = -.083, p = -.143, t =-1.470), and age (β = -.052, p = .352, t = -.932) separately and jointly (R2 = .010, F(3,313) = 1.073, p = .361; R2 = .013, F(l, 312) = 1.10, p = .403) were not significant predictors of emotional intelligence among secondary school students in Owerri. The study findings suggested that the assumptions that parental verbal abuse, domiciliation, gender, and age could potentially improve emotional intelligence among secondary school students in Owerri may not be true as other factors could be playing such a role. Therefore, the study recommends, among others, that adults should desist from perceiving students from verbally abused homes as people who would score very low on emotional intelligence.

INFLUENCE OF FAMILY TYPE AND PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS ON JUVENILE DELINQUENCY AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS OF KUBWA BWARI AREA COUNCIL FCT ABUJA NIGERIA

Francisca Nkechi Enenta — 2024-05-26

This study investigated the influence of family type and personality characteristics on juvenile delinquency among secondary school students in Kubwa, Bwari Area Council, FCT Abuja, Nigeria. Employing the Cross-Sectional Survey design, 200 adolescent secondary school students participated, selected through systematic random sampling. 12-17 years. Participants comprised of 90 males and 110 females with a mean age of 14.96 years (SD=1.12). The Self-Report Delinquency Scale and Big Five Inventory (BFI) were utilized for data collection, with three hypotheses tested using independent t-tests, Simple Linear Regression, and Multiple Regression analyses. Findings revealed no significant difference in delinquency rates between single-parent and nuclear families. However, personality traits significantly influenced juvenile delinquency among the students. Additionally, a significant joint influence of personality characteristics and family type on delinquency was observed. It was concluded that while there is no significant difference in delinquency between single-parent and nuclear families, personality traits, both individually and in conjunction with family type, are significant determinants of juvenile delinquency. The study recommends implementing support programs for parents, educating families on the psychological effects of broken homes, establishing structured assessments of adolescent personality traits, and encouraging further research for validation and deeper understanding.

ANALYSING THE PREDICTIVE EFFECTS OF GENDER, PROCEDURAL JUSTICE AND DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE ON ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AMONG FIRE SERVICE PERSONNEL IN ANAMBRA STATE

Chinenye S. Anazor — 2024-05-26

The study investigated the predictive effects of gender, procedural justice and distributive justice on organizational commitment of fire service workers in Anambra State. A total of 119 participants comprising 74 males and 45 females with ages ranging from 29 to 51 years (Mean = 39.50, standard deviation = 4.20) were selected from six fire service stations in Anambra State through convenience sampling technique. The study was guided by three hypotheses. Data collection relied on Two instruments: the Organizational Justice Scale (OJC) developed by Niehoff and Moorman (1993) and the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire developed by Buchanan (1974). The research design employed was cross-sectional survey design and data analysis was conducted using hierarchical multiple regression. The finding of the study confirmed that gender, procedural justice and distributive justice separately predicted organizational commitment among fire service personnel in Anambra State. The study recommends that the government and managers should prioritize fairness in treatment and rewards, while efforts from government bodies and company owners should aim to enhance organizational commitment. Additionally, gender should not influence employment decisions; adopting a merit-based approach promotes inclusivity and equality.

SOLAR POWER AND ECO-FRIENDLY CONFERENCES AS CORRELATES OF AIR AND LAND POLLUTION IN LISTED BEVERAGE FIRMS IN IMO AND ABIA STATES

Kenneth Chukwudi Njoku — 2024-05-26

Huge research gaps exist as it relates to the use of solar power and eco-friendly business conferences in businesses in Imo and Abia States. This research problem necessitated this present study. The objectives of the study were to examine the relationship between use of solar panels and reduced air pollution as well as assess the extent to which eco-friendly business conferences influence the reduction of air pollution and land pollution in the listed beverage firms. The researchers employed the survey research design in the research. A structured questionnaire was the major instrument for data collection. Cronbach Alpha statistic was used to obtain a reliability ratio of 0.85. Data analysis was committed to descriptive statistics. Correlation analysis was used to test hypotheses. The study found positive and significant relationships between the use of solar panels and reduced air pollution; the use of eco-friendly
business conferences and reduction of air pollution; and the use of eco-friendly business conferences and reduced land pollution in the listed firms. These findings constitute a major contribution to empirical literature on the use of solar power and eco-friendly conferences in listed beverage firms. It was concluded that solar power and eco-friendly business conferences are correlates of air and land pollution in listed beverage firms in Imo and Abia States. The study recommends, among others, that management should make more efforts to expand the use of solar energy so as to reduce air pollution for business premises preservation.

CORRUPTION AS THE BANE OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

Fidelia Ifeoma Ekeh — 2024-05-26

This paper examined the problem of corruption as the bane of national development in Nigeria. the paper observes that corruption, which is both an ethical and sociopolitical problem has filtered into all the sectors of the country, even into the religious sphere. The paper aimed to show that a deeper analysis would reveal how endemic corruption is in the Nigerian system and how this has been the bane of the country’s pursuit of national development. This analysis would show the depth of the erosion of the Nigerian system by corruption and how this has negatively affected national development. Drawing from context analysis and textual investigation, the paper concludes that corruption is not only the bane of Nigeria socioeconomic development, it is also a cankerworm that threatens the existence of Nigeria as a political entity. It is therefore imperative that all hands must be on deck in the anti-corrupt struggle.

A STUDY OF INTERNALISED STIGMA OF MENTAL ILLNESS IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA

Terungwa Mpem — 2024-05-26

Internalised stigma (IS) has consistently been considered as one of the major problems in the mentally ill populations. There are previous research attempts to examine its causes and proffer solutions. However, rates of internalized stigma of mental illness seem to have remained consistently high in Nigeria, especially in Benue State. This study examined the prevalence of internalized stigma among people with mental illness in Benue State. Data were collected in six selected local government areas in the State, Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi and six traditional psychiatric hospitals. A combination of multi-stage, simple random and purposive sampling methods, were used to select respondents for the study. A survey questionnaire was administered to 468 people living with mental illness and In-depth Interviews were held with people living with mental illness. Data collected were analysed using SPSS version 23. The findings revealed that 67.9% of the people suffering from mental illness had elevated internalized stigma. People living with mental illness who received traditional health care had elevated stigma scores more than those who attended orthodox hospitals (t = 4.404, df = 466, sig. 2-tailed (p) = 000). It was also revealed through in-depth interviews with people having mental illness that they took overdose of the drugs from the hospitals to forget about the public stigma they experienced. The paper recommended that government and non-governmental organizations should embark on public awareness to educate members of the public about mental illness, in order to reduce stigmatization against people living with mental illness.

MEDIA COVERAGE OF ENTREPRENEUR INNOVATIONS IN NIGERIA

Bernice Oluwalanu Sanusi — 2024-05-26

This research investigates the media coverage of entrepreneurship innovations in Nigeria, aiming to provide insights into the nature, characteristics, and implications of media representations in shaping perceptions and fostering entrepreneurial growth. Utilizing secondary data sources, this paper explored the Agenda Setting Theory as the theoretical ferment and foundation that underpinned this study. This study found a notable lack of diversity and inclusivity in media representations, with certain industries, regions, and demographic groups being overrepresented, while others are marginalized. Issues of sensationalism, bias, and inaccuracies in media coverage are also identified, which can distort public perceptions and hinder the growth of a vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystem. The study therefore recommended that media organizations should strive to diversify their coverage of entrepreneurship innovations. Journalists and media professionals should also adhere to ethical reporting standards, including fact-checking, balanced reporting, and avoiding sensationalism. By addressing these challenges and implementing the suggested recommendations, stakeholders can work towards fostering a more inclusive, accurate, and constructive media environment for entrepreneurship in Nigeria.

GLOBAL NEWS FLOW

Omowale T. Adelabu — 2024-05-26

The paper critically examines the concept of global news flow in line with the New World Communication Order (NWCO). The New World Communication Order or New World Information and Communication Order (NWCO/NWICO) was coined by MacBride and came into existence in the 1970s. It aimed at addressing the glaring imbalance in global news flow dominated by the Western media which called the shots in global news purveyance and conveyance. This paper adopted an in-depth literature review approach. It attempts to revisit the call for a New World Communication Order in the contemporary digital era bearing in mind the unpredictable nature of global politics, conflicts of interest and different levels of technological development. Major highlights of the study include the expansion of the media landscape occasioned by advancements in information and communication technologies, and the rise of citizen journalism. The downsides or the threats are the issues of censorship, propaganda and misinformation. The paper leaning on the Development media theory therefore recommends a deliberate emphasis on development news from less developed countries by the Western media conglomerates in order to mitigate the level of negative news inflow from them to the developing countries of the world.

BROADCAST NEWS COMMENTARY AS A TOOL FOR SOCIAL CHANGE

Bernice Oluwalanu Sanusi — 2024-05-26

This research investigates the role of broadcast news commentary as a catalyst for social change in Nigeria, focusing on its influence on public perception and advocacy efforts. Drawing on a comprehensive review of scholarly literature and empirical evidence, the study examines patterns and dynamics shaping the relationship between commentary and societal transformation. The study utilised a survey research design. The questionnaire was the main instrument of data gathering while 358 respondents were sampled using the convenience sampling technique. Data was then analysed using descriptive statistics. Key findings reveal the significant impact of commentary on shaping public discourse, fostering civic engagement, and mobilizing support for positive change. However, challenges such as bias, sensationalism, and regulatory constraints hinder the effectiveness of commentary as a tool for social change. To address these challenges, the study recommends promoting media literacy, strengthening press freedom, and encouraging diversity in commentary, enhancing professional standards, and fostering collaboration among stakeholders. By implementing these recommendations, stakeholders can harness the transformative power of broadcast news commentary to advance social justice, democracy, and inclusive development in Nigeria.

ADOPTING RADIO-BASED LITERACY PROGRAMMES FOR ADULT LITERACY

Bernice Oluwalanu Sanusi — 2024-05-26

This research investigates the factors influencing adult illiteracy in Nigeria, and explores the challenges and potential strategies for implementing radio-based literacy programs to address this issue. Obstacles such as limited access to radio services, language barriers, and cultural resistance were seen as significant challenges to the effective implementation of radio-based literacy programs. As seen in a Yoruba radio program on Osun State Radio 104.5FM "Mooko Monka" targeted at the aged people. Through a mixed-methods approach involving structured questionnaires and interviews, data were collected from a diverse sample of respondents representing various perspectives within the country to investigate factors militating against adult literacy in spite of the governments’ efforts at ensuring that every citizen irrespective of age and gender become literate. The findings highlight limited access to educational resources, economic barriers, cultural norms, and infrastructural challenges as significant contributors to adult illiteracy in Nigeria. However, findings from this research provides valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and literacy advocates working towards promoting literacy and lifelong learning opportunities in the country to adopt towards actualizing their goals. These include; tailored programming, interactive elements, community engagement, and accessibility enhancement among others.

ASSESSING RADIO AS A MEDIUM OF CULTURAL PROMOTION AMONG TEENAGERS

Bernice Oluwalanu Sanusi — 2024-05-26

This research examines the effectiveness of radio as a medium for promoting cultural awareness among teenagers in Nigeria. Through a mixed-methods approach, data was collected from 384 respondents to explore the types of cultural content broadcast on Nigerian radio stations, teenagers' media consumption habits and preferences for cultural content, their perceived effectiveness of radio in promoting cultural awareness, challenges faced by radio stations in promoting Nigerian culture to teenagers, and strategies for improving the effectiveness of radio as a medium for cultural promotion among teenagers. The findings reveal a diverse range of cultural content broadcasted on Nigerian radio stations, with music being the most prevalent form. Teenagers primarily consume media through radio, demonstrating a strong preference for traditional platforms. Overall, teenagers perceive radio as an effective medium for promoting cultural awareness, although challenges such as competition from other media platforms and limited funding hinder effective cultural promotion. Nevertheless, strategies such as collaborating with schools and youth organizations, introducing interactive segments, and incorporating modern music with cultural themes were identified to enhance radio's effectiveness in cultural promotion among teenagers. The research concludes that by implementing these recommendations, radio stations in Nigeria can strengthen their role as cultural promoters and effectively engage teenagers in exploring and celebrating Nigeria's rich cultural heritage. This study contributes valuable insights for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers in the field of media, culture, and youth engagement.

IMPACT OF QUOTA SYSTEM AND FEDERAL CHARACTER PRINCIPLE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC SECTOR

Emmanuel Anayo Onyeiwu — 2024-05-26

This study examined the impact of quota system and federal character principle, on public sector employee performance with a particular focus on the Abia State Oil Producing Area Development Commission. Three research objectives, three research questions and three research hypotheses guided the study. The researcher used the structural functional theory to analyse the subject matter. A survey research design was adopted and a questionnaire served as the instrument of data collection. The data collected were analysed using simple parentage and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient to analyse the data collected. The findings revealed a significant relationship between the federal character principle and appointment, quota system and federal character principle affect employee promotion and there is a significant relationship between the federal character principle and employee retirement. Based on the findings, it was recommended that recruitment and appointments in all government establishments should be done based purely on qualification, experience, capabilities and professionalism. Furthermore, promotion, responsibility/position, training and re-training in such government establishments should be purely based on merit, inputs and contribution to service.

REGULATION, CENSORSHIP AND MEDIA FREEDOM

Oloyede Oyinloye — 2024-05-26

This study delves into the complex interplay of regulation, censorship, and media freedom within Nigeria, exploring their implications for democratic governance and societal development. It aims to understand how regulatory inconsistencies, government censorship practices, and the proliferation of misinformation on digital platforms impact media freedom and democratic discourse. This research work discovered how regulatory inconsistencies and government censorship practices, such as the Cybercrime Act and the arbitrary suspension of social media platforms, hinder freedom of expression and access to information. The research however adopts a comprehensive approach, combining a thorough review of existing literature, empirical studies, and case analyses. It also employs both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyse legal frameworks, media ownership structures, and freedom of expression indicators. Surveys and interviews are conducted to gauge journalists' perceptions of government interference and censorship, as well as the impact on media pluralism and independence. The primary findings highlight significant challenges to media freedom and democratic governance in Nigeria.

MEDIA RELATIONS PRACTICES IN SELECTED TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN TARABA STATE, NIGERIA

Chiakaan Jacob Gbaden — 2024-05-26

This study examined media relations practices in selected tertiary institutions in Taraba State. The objectives of the study were to determine the extent to which media relations are practised by the selected tertiary institutions, identify the media relations approaches used by the institutions, and investigate the effectiveness of the approaches. The study adopted mixed methods research that included in-depth interviews and descriptive survey. The population of the study is 108, which comprises journalists, Vice Chancellors, Rectors, Registrars, and Information and Public Relations Officers from the selected tertiary institutions. Findings revealed that media relations is practised to significantly the selected tertiary institutions in Taraba State. Additionally, the study identified a variety of media relations approaches utilized by the institutions. These media relations strategies include the use of press
conferences, prioritizing the willingness to answer questions, and sending invitations to events, among others. The study also found that challenges hindering the effectiveness of the media relations strategies adopted by the selected tertiary institutions include funding constraints, network connectivity issues, non-participation, and impromptu arrangements This study concludes that media relations play a vital role within tertiary institutions in Taraba State, highlighting their active engagement and diverse approaches. The study recommends, among others, that the government should provide more funding to the management of the institutions to enable them to carry out both their media relations and other activities more effectively.

PETTY TRADING AND RURAL ECONOMICS

Okechukwu Anyaoha — 2024-05-26

This survey study examined the impact of petty trading on improving the socioeconomic status of the rural dwellers of Akokwa community in Ideato North L.G.A of Imo State. The sample was made of 323 respondents who were selected randomly. Hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Open-ended and close- ended used for data collection. The data gathered were analysed using the Chi-Square statistics. Findings revealed a significant relationship between petty trading and both income level and standard of living among rural dwellers in Akokwa Community. Specifically, the chi-square analysis demonstrated that petty trading positively influenced income levels (χ2 = 7.2, p < 0.05) and led to an improved standard of living among rural dwellers in Akokwa Community (χ2 = 7.5, p < 0.05). These findings emphasise the important roles of petty trading as a means of income generation and economic empowerment in rural areas. The study therefore, recommended that the government should provide easy access to microfinance institutions or schemes that could offer low-interest loans to petty traders. Training programs and workshops should be provided to petty traders by the government and non-governmental organization to improve their business skills and financial management.

JUSTICE FOR SALE

Amasekaven Adom — 2024-05-26

In Nigeria, every electoral year is riddled with grievances, disputes, and discontentment regarding the processes, procedures and outcome of elections. Those who feel unfairly treated proceed to the tribunal to seek redress, and the more resources a petitioner has, the higher their ability to hire competent legal personnel to defend their case(s). This is also the situation with judges who use their position to acquire as much resources as they can. This article explored electoral jurisprudence in Nigeria, focusing particularly on the relationship between justice and the electoral tribunal in Nigeria, the character of election tribunal and election petition in Nigeria, and electoral jurisprudence and commodification of justice in Nigeria. The study anchored on the social conflict theory. It employed secondary data from the internet, textbooks and other sources of information. Data was analyzed qualitatively. Findings showed that Election Tribunal in Nigeria serve as a crucial institution for resolving disputes regarding the validity of elections. However, electoral jurisprudence in Nigeria is plagued by issues such as technicalities in the judiciary, corruption, and political interference, which lead
to the commodification of justice and undermine public trust in the legal system. The paper recommends policy reforms, entrenchment of professional conduct by legal practitioners, and promotion of judicial independence as ways to overcome the imbalances in Nigeria’s electoral jurisprudence.

REVIEW OF THE STATE OF DESCENT SYSTEM IN CONTEMPORARY EDDA, EBONYI STATE, NIGERIA

Julius Okechukwu Onwuka — 2024-05-26

Descent is a recognized link between a person and his/her ancestors. It is the system by which members of a society trace kinship over generations. Many societies of Africa especially within the southeastern region of Nigeria are predominantly described as patrilineal, however, few of such societies especially in Abia and Ebonyi States have been identified to have traces of matrilineal and patrilineal characteristics according to Anthropologists. However, many old literatures erroneously described these few societies as matrilineal which have affected the perception of these societies as abnormal by the predominant patrilineal societies. This study was aimed at identifying in a survey the current state of descent of these societies using the indicators of descent like community membership, inheritance, residence, succession and authority in Edda community in present-day Ebonyi State. The study purposely sampled 130 respondents made up of titled men and women, opinion moulders male and female and youth groups male and female who formed focus group discussants and interviewees from four randomly selected villages (Amangwu, Osisioma, Nguzu and Ekoli) of the eleven Edda villages that has a population of about 4,350,000 projected from the 2006 population census. It found that Edda is 80% patriliny and 20% matriliny with a future descent towards fully patrilineal and therefore moves away from the findings of Otternberg (1968) who described the society as matrilineal.

UTILIZATION OF SOCIAL MEDIA FOR MARKETING BY ENTREPRENEURS IN ANAMBRA STATE

Anthonia Onyinye Ilodigwe — 2024-05-26

This study examined the utilisation of social media as a marketing tool in entrepreneurial business in Anambra State. The major aim of this study was to ascertain the use and importance of social media as a marketing tool for entrepreneurial businesses and the need to improve its usage for marketing purposes among entrepreneurs. The sample of the study consisted of 399 entrepreneurs randomly selected from the 21 Local Government Areas of Anambra State. A quantitative questionnaire schedule was used for data collection. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics while the study hypotheses were tested using Chi-square statistic. The study found that entrepreneurs in Anambra State makes use of social media platforms for marketing purposes mostly on weekly basis. Findings also showed that entrepreneurs utilized social media for marketing by posting goods available for sale and services rendered on personal profile and timelines and that high cost of advertising social media is the major factor limiting the use of social media for marketing purposes among entrepreneurs in Anambra State. Furthermore, the study found that the way to improve the use of social media for marketing purposes among entrepreneurs is by reducing the cost of running advertisements on social media platforms. Based on these findings, the study recommends that the cost of running advertisement on social media should be regulated and made affordable by government in collaboration with various social media stakeholders assigned to the country so that entrepreneurs can easily afford advertisement plans for boosting their business activities.

INTERNAL COMMUNICATION AND EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN FEDERAL TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN RIVERS AND BAYELSA STATES

Chigozi Eke — 2024-05-26

This study examined the internal communication and employee engagement in Federal tertiary institutions in Rivers and Bayelsa States. The objectives of the study were among others to investigate the kind of internal communication that exists between employees and management of Federal tertiary institutions in Rivers and Bayelsa States. The study aimed to explore internal communication in four Federal tertiary institutions in Rivers and Bayelsa states, anchored on stakeholders, system and relational dialectics theories, using descriptive survey method. The population included staff and management from the four institutions, totalling 9,095 participants, with a sample size of 387 determined by the Keyton determinant table. The study adopted the multi-stage sampling technique, data were obtained using questionnaire and analysed using the weighted mean score based on a four-point Likert scale. The findings revealed that, the kind of internal communication that existed between employees and management of federal institutions in Rivers and Bayelsa States were mainly memos, emails, newsletters, meetings, suggestion boxes and employee forums. The study concluded that the predominant internal communication methods in federal tertiary institutions include memos, emails, newsletters, meetings, suggestion boxes and employee forums. The study recommended that tertiary institutions should explore integrating digital platforms and fostering more interactive communication channels.

AN INQUIRY INTO GOVERNANCE AND ECONOMIC HARDSHIP IN NIGERIA

Ogadinma Ikonne — 2024-05-26

This study was opinion paper focusing on an inquiry into governance and economic hardship in Nigeria with regards to how it affected migration. The study was aimed at exposing how governance was a major factor in the economic hardship in Nigeria and the extent to which this has resulted in migration of Nigeria’s productive citizens into other countries. The study was explained using a combination of the Institutional Theory by Douglass North (1990); the New Economics of Migration Theory by Michael Piore (1970) and the Malthusian Theory. The materials for this study were generated through secondary sources such as journals, books, book chapters, newspapers and internet sources while the content analysis and interrogation of the data was purely a critical one. The outcome of the interrogation showed that a lot of both skilled and unskilled Nigerians (but largely the skilled and educated ones), who are mainly young adults, have left the country, with a great number still making efforts to leave because of hardship orchestrated by poor governance and endemic corruption in government. Again, poor governance has negatively affected the welfare of the citizens with the multiplier effects of hunger, unemployment, poor educational system, insecurity, riots, increase in the prices of goods and services, loss of value to the nation’s currency and emigration of citizens in search of greener pastures, and the worst of it all was brain drain. It was also found that the emigrations of skilled and educated citizens have grave consequences for the country’s socioeconomic development. It was therefore recommended that Economic and Financial Crime Commission (EFCC) should be further quipped with honest personnel and model gadgets to be able to track, arrest and retrieve the stolen Nigeria’s money. This will go a long way to preserve a lot of money and resources that will be used for the benefit of the citizens.

FOOD SECURITY

Abigail Elisha Goyilla — 2024-05-26

This study examines food security as a bedrock for achieving national development in Nigeria. Nigeria is the most populated country in Africa with more than 200 million people but food insecurity has remained a constraining factor in the realization of its national development. Despite its huge natural resource endowment, Nigeria still faces hunger, malnutrition and poverty. In spite of the various agricultural policies and projects embarked by the government to boost agricultural productivity, achieving food security has remained a major challenge. One of the indices used in measuring a nation’s development is the level of food and nutrition available to its citizens. The qualitative approached method was applied and, materials were analysed through the content approach. Data for the study was sourced through secondary means while relevant information was gathered from textbooks, government publications and other articles. The study reveals that it will be difficult for Nigeria to achieve its national development goals if food insecurity is not addressed. Amongst other recommendations, this study recommends the strengthening of anti-corruption agencies and the introduction of modern digital technology to revamp the agricultural sector and make farming attractive to young people.

DIVIDEND POLICY DETERMINANTS OF LISTED INDUSTRIAL GOODS FIRMS IN NIGERIA

Musa Ismail Abdul-Khadir — 2024-05-26

This study investigates the determinants (using firm size, financial leverage and growth as proxies) of dividend policy (with dividend payout ratio as proxy) within listed industrial goods firms in Nigeria over a ten-year period from 2013 to 2022. Using a purposive sampling method, six firms were selected based on the availability of up-to-date financial statements within the study's scope. Secondary data extracted from annual financial reports and the Nigeria Exchange Group (NGX) formed the dataset for analysis. Employing an ex post facto research design, the study utilizes balanced panel data for both cross-sectional and time series analysis. Fixed effect panel regression was employed to estimate the relationship between the variables, The results shows that firm size had a significant positive relationship with dividend payout ratio; while both financial leverage (FLEV) and growth had nonsignificant
negative relationship with dividend payout ratio of the firms. Based on these findings, it was recommended that; larger firms should capitalize on their size advantage to maintain or increase dividend payments, albeit caution is advised regarding leverage levels to prevent adverse effects on dividend distributions. Additionally, firms are urged to carefully assess the balance between reinvesting earnings for growth opportunities and distributing dividends to shareholders.

DIVERSION NOT DETENTION FOR YOUNG OFFENDERS IN NIGERIA

Michael Chika Diyoke — 2024-05-26

The paper examined the prevailing approach to detaining young offenders in Nigeria. Specifically, the objectives of the study were to evaluate the existing methods of detaining young offenders and their effectiveness in terms of rehabilitation and reintegration into society and to examine the negative impacts of current detention approaches on young offenders. The methodology was based on the review of published articles, books and journals and an exemplar case study technique in order to draw a conclusion on the contemporary issues of diversion and detention in Nigeria. Findings from the paper revealed that the current detention approach exacerbates criminal behaviour, impedes rehabilitation opportunities, and fails to address the root causes of youth crime. Factors such as poverty, dysfunctional families, limited access to resources, and a lack of rehabilitative efforts contribute to a cycle of criminal behaviour among young offenders. The study further revealed that to address these issues, diversion programs are proposed as a promising alternative. Successful examples from various countries, such as restorative justice programs in New Zealand, youth offender panels in England and Wales, drug treatment courts in Canada, and juvenile mental health courts in the United States, provide valuable insights for Nigeria. The paper concludes by recommending the strengthening of legislation to explicitly recognize diversion programs as alternatives to traditional criminal justice processes, which would involve establishing eligibility criteria, defining procedures, and implementing safeguards to protect the rights of participants.

BUILDING BRIDGES IN HEALTHCARE

Stephen S. Ojo — 2024-05-26

The promotion of teamwork and industrial harmonization is crucial for the progress of different professions. Nevertheless, it is unavoidable that conflicts may arise due to the inherent human tendency towards disharmony when individuals with differing origins, professions, and attitudes collaborate towards a shared objective. This study evaluated factors affecting harmonious working relations among different professionals and cadres in the healthcare system using General Hospital Panda, Nasarawa State as a case study. Using quantitative cross-sectional survey design, respondents were enrolled from various departments of the hospital through stratified random sampling. Copies of questionnaire were distributed as the instrument of data collection. The findings indicate that harmonious working relations among different healthcare professionals in Nigeria are hindered by factors such as inter-professional conflict and rivalry, inadequate teamwork and collaboration, unclear professional hierarchies and role definitions, as well as challenges related to leadership and compensation. The study concludes that enhancing communication, resolving role ambiguity, facilitating interprofessional education, and establishing equitable compensation and working conditions are potential strategies that might build a collaborative and harmonious work environment among healthcare workers. It therefore recommends, among others, that the management should develop policies and procedures that promote fairness and equity in the workplace.

THE ROLE OF WORK ENGAGEMENT AND DECISION MAKING STYLE ON JOB CRAFTING AND IN-ROLE PERFORMANCE

Olusola I. Akinbobola — 2024-05-26

This study adopted Job Demands and Resources Decision Making model to investigate and increase understanding of decision-making processes and work engagement on job crafting and in-role performance. A cluster sampling technique was used to select 250 professionals (148 females; 102 males) involved in decision making from various industries including health care, educational, financial and engineering/information technology in a cross-sectional survey in Lagos State, Nigeria. These participants responded to structured psychological scales. Statistical Package for Social Science version 20 was used for the descriptive and correlation analysis, while Analysis of, Moment of Structure version 21 was used to perform the Structural Equation Model. All analysis was performed at *P<0.05. Job crafting significantly influenced in-role performance; decision-making style significantly influenced in-role performance. Work engagement significantly moderated the relationship between decision-making style and in-role performance such that the relationship was stronger for those high on work engagement as compared to those low on work engagement. The Job Demands and Resources Decision Making model is partially supported when it utilized heterogeneous sample involved in decision making. It also indicated opportunity for job crafting through cognitive functioning.

INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF NEWS COMMERCIALIZATION ON JOURNALISTIC ETHICS AND AUDIENCE TRUST

Oloyede Oyinloye — 2024-05-26

The media plays a crucial role in disseminating information and shaping public opinion. The rise of news commercialization, however, has had a significant impact on journalistic integrity, news content, and audiences. This paper aims to explore the impact of news commercialization on journalistic ethics and audience trust. Through an analysis of various scholarly sources, this paper examines the influence of commercialization on journalistic integrity, news content, and audience trust. The paper is based on the press's social responsibility theory, which motivates media organisations to make positive contributions to their society. The study concludes that the commercialization of news can lead to conflicts between profit-driven journalism and ethical practices, and news organisations may prioritise sensationalism, clickbait, and attention-grabbing headlines over balanced, fact-based reporting, resulting in a decline in news coverage and a loss of public trust. The paper recommends that the promotion of ethical rules should be a top priority for news organisations, ensuring the adoption and strict adherence to these guidelines in order to protect the integrity of journalism.

ASSESSMENT OF SAFE UTILIZATION OF HERBICIDES AWARENESS AMONG CROP FARMERS IN OWERRI WEST, NIGERIA

Stanley I. Ogbuji — 2024-05-26

The study examined the safe utilization of herbicides among crop farmers in Owerri-West Local Government Area of Imo State, their level of awareness on the dangers of herbicide misuse and compliance with safety measures in the use of herbicides. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire administered to eighty crops farmers The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistical techniques. The Likert scale was used in analysing the level of awareness while chi-square was employed for the research hypothesis. The findings of the study showed that farmers have a high level of awareness in the use herbicides by crop farmers in the study area. The study also revealed that the most perceived problems in the use of herbicides by crop farmers in the study area are inadequate equipment (x= 3.19) and skill (x= 2.84) respectively and spraying of herbicides to unintended plants (x= 2.55), while the level of precautionary measure on eating, drinking and talking while spraying is high (x = 3.21). The research hypothesis showed no significant relationship between farmers’ level of awareness and the safe utilization of herbicides in the study area. Generally, herbicide application among crop farmers in the study area is not safe for health and the environment, hence the study recommends among others, the training and retraining of farmers on the safe utilization of herbicides in crop production so as to inculcate the necessary skills in the use of herbicides by the government using agricultural extension workers and also with the collaboration of the chemical companies and non-governmental organizations and farmers’ association where available.

INFLUENCE OF OWNERSHIP ON SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY FUNCTIONS AMONG PRIVATELY OWNED MEDIA ESTABLISHMENTS – A STUDY OF REDEEMER'S FM

Oloyede Oyinloye — 2024-05-26

Social responsibility refers to the moral duty of media companies to protect democratic principles, advance societal welfare, and serve the public interest. This research investigated different types of social responsibility functions that can used in the media, examined the ownership structure of Redeemer's FM and its implications for the fulfilment of social responsibility functions, explored strategies that Redeemer's FM can implement to enhance its social responsibility efforts within the constraints of its private ownership structure, and evaluated the credibility and authenticity of Redeemer's FM's social responsibility initiatives from the perspective of its audience, considering its ownership structure. The theoretical framework for this study was social responsibility theory. Utilising mixed- method approach, findings revealed that the different types of social responsibility functions used in the media are: accuracy and fairness, transparency in reporting, ethical advertising practices, public education and awareness, digital literacy and media literacy, environmental responsibility and community engagement and support. Findings also revealed that Redeemer’s FM’s ownership structure does not impact the ability to prioritise social responsibility and that the audience are satisfied with the station’s efforts to fulfil its social responsibility functions within the context of its ownership structure. Findings showed that the strategies Redeemer’s FM can implement to enhance its social responsibility efforts within the constraints of its private ownership structure are societal happenings, awareness and publicity to the members of the community, online streaming and ensuring that the radio station's programming reflects the diversity of the community it serves by creating contents that celebrate different cultures, perspectives, and voices, as well as actively seeking out underrepresented groups to participate in programmes. Thus, the paper concluded that Redeemer's FM should continue to prioritize social responsibility as a core aspect of its operations, while also seeking to enhance its impact through strategic collaborations, staff training, and ongoing evaluation and refinement of its initiatives. The study recommended that the station should further strengthen its community engagement initiatives by actively involving local stakeholders in decision-making processes related to social responsibility programs.

CONTRIBUTIONS OF IMO STATE AGENCY FOR COMMUNITY AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN ORLU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, IMO STATE NIGERIA (2010 - 2020)

Kennedy Uchenna Duru — 2024-05-26

This research was carried out to determine the extent Imo State Agency for Community and Social Development Project (CSDP) contributes to socio-economic development in the study area. The researcher used structural functional theory as the framework of analysis. A descriptive survey was applied and data were collected through primary sources. The population of the study consisted of 350 town union representatives from 35 autonomous communities in Orlu LGA. The population was also used as the sample since
the census enumeration method was used. Data analysis was done using percentages, means and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient at 0.05 level of significance with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The study revealed a significant relationship between the CSDP interventions and key indicators in Orlu. Specifically, there was a significant positive association between CSDP – supported school rehabilitation efforts and school enrolment rates. Additionally, a significant relationship was observed between CSDP health interventions and life expectancy. It was recommended that the CSDP should intensify efforts on schools’ rehabilitations by maintaining existing primary and secondary schools and building more classroom blocks. Furthermore, the government through CSDP should help in constructing and maintaining primary health Centres so that people in Orlu LGA will have access to affordable and quality healthcare services.

LABOUR MIGRATION OF HEADS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILY STABILITY IN EBONYI STATE

Vivian Chizoma Njemanze — 2024-05-26

Labour migration of heads of households has multifaceted impacts on families, influencing emotional well-being and traditional gender roles. While migrant remittances can enhance family income and stability, the accompanying challenges are noteworthy. This paper examines the effects of labour migration on family stability in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. A sample of 125 family members, selected through purposive sampling, participated in the study by completing a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Chi-Square analysis were employed for data analysis. The study found that families experienced significant disruption, and frequent communication breakdown due to the heads of household’s absence, the heads of household’s migration have a positive impact on families’ financial well-being. Family members also experienced heightened emotional distress, lack of social support and increased workload due to the head of household’s migration as well as children in the family face challenges in their development. Interestingly, despite prevailing cultural norms, affected families did not substantially experience social stigma. This study implies that families are negatively affected by the head of household’s migration and that cultural norms and values do not shape the perception of the impact of migration. Concerted policy efforts are essential to mitigate the negative outcomes of labour migration. This includes establishing robust social support systems for families left behind and promoting family-friendly migration practices for migrants.