African Journal of Social and Behavioural Sciences

2025-03-31T13:15:17+00:00

VOLUME 15, NUMBER 2 (MARCH 2025)

DEMOGRAPHIC IMPACTS OF SECURITY CHALLENGES IN NIGERIA

2025-03-31T09:35:42+00:00

There is a growing concern among citizens about widespread insecurity in Nigeria. This study examined the demographic impacts of security challenges in Nigeria. The study is qualitative in nature and adopted desk review of published and scholarly articles. Relevant articles were extracted using Google Scholar and Research Rabbit platforms to filter relevant articles using keywords such as demographic implications, demographic impact, demographic effects, insecurity, armed conflict, armed struggles, security challenges and Nigeria. The study showed that ethnic and religious divisions, political instability, economic factors, and perceived marginalisation of sections of the country were causes of insecurity in the country. Other causes were corruption, youth unemployment, desire for secession, mass poverty and competition for resources especially between herders and farmers. The study further highlighted the demographic consequences of insecurity to be displacement of population and increase in internally displaced persons, recruitment of children as kid-soldiers, children not having access to education and healthcare, alteration in population dynamics of the conflict areas because of increased ill health, death and migration. Moreover, security challenges often lead to the loss of jobs and livelihoods in the conflict areas. The study concluded that to improve the security of the country, the government should provide employment opportunities for the unemployed youths, overhaul security apparatus, and employ, train and improve the welfare of security personnel to boost their morale. In addition, the government should collaborate with other countries to fight insurgences to reduce the influx of criminals across national boundaries. The government should prioritise the protection of citizens by ensuring that modern equipment needed by security forces is procured to combat criminals. The government should provide grazing reserves
for animal rearing instead of allowing herders to roam their animals across the country. Also, criminals caught should be made to face the full wrath of the law to serve as a deterrent to others. The study expands the frontier of knowledge in the area of migration, conflict investigation, and development, creating a treasured addition to both academic and policy debates.

PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF PICA PRACTICE AMONG WOMEN IN NORTH-CENTRAL NIGERIA

2025-03-31T09:56:32+00:00

This study, titled Public Perception of Pica Practice Among Women in North-Central Nigeria, falls within the domain of health communication and is anchored in the Health Belief Model (HBM). A descriptive survey design was employed, with a questionnaire as the primary data collection instrument. The study sampled 400 women across the three senatorial districts of Kwara State, North-Central Nigeria. Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), employing descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings from the socio-demographic analysis revealed a higher proportion of Muslim women compared to Christians in the sample. Socio-demographic variables were shown to significantly influence the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of pica among respondents. The study identified a pica prevalence rate of 48.5%. Based on these findings, the study recommends targeted and coordinated awareness campaigns through various media outlets in North-Central Nigeria.

PROACTIVE PERSONALITY AND EMPLOYEES' GREEN BEHAVIOUR IN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY DUTSIN-MA, KATSINA STATE

2025-03-31T10:01:05+00:00

Environmental sustainability in organizations has gained increasing attention, with employees' green behaviour (EGB) emerging as a critical factor in achieving sustainability goals. This study examines the effect of proactive personality on EGB, focusing on three dimensions: initiative-taking (INT), change orientation (CO), and persistent in goal achievement (PGA). Conducted at Federal University Dutsin-Ma (FUDMA), Nigeria, the study is grounded in Trait Activation Theory (TAT) and Self-Determination Theory (SDT). A quantitative approach was adopted, utilizing survey data from 370 teaching and non- teaching staff selected through purposive sampling from a population of 3,413. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were employed to assess the strength of relationships between proactive personality traits and EGB. Findings reveal that initiative-taking (t = 9.532, p = 0.000), change orientation (t = 5.023, p = 0.001), and persistent in goal achievement (t = 2.231, p = 0.001) significantly and positively influence EGB. The model explains 67.1% of the variance in EGB (Adjusted R² = 0.671), demonstrating the substantial role of proactive personality traits in fostering eco-friendly behaviours such as waste reduction, energy conservation, and sustainability advocacy. Based on these findings, the study recommends organizational support, incentives, and sustainability training programs to reinforce pro-environmental behaviours. The study contributes to theory by extending proactive personality research to environmental behaviour and offers practical insights for policymakers and administrators to integrate green initiatives into institutional policies.

ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RADIO ENVIRONMENTAL CAMPAIGN FOR FLOOD CONTROL IN LAMODI COMMUNITY IN OFFA, KWARA STATE, NIGERIA

2025-03-31T10:09:30+00:00

The human environment is bedevilled by several challenges, including flooding. This has led to plans and programmes by both government and communities aimed at checking this incident. This study assesses how effective radio campaigns have been in mitigating the incidence of flooding by creating awareness and mobilising members of the Lamodi community in Offa Kwara state towards this menace. Grounded by the agenda setting theory of the media, the study adopts a descriptive survey design to gather primary data from 400 residents of Lamodi. Findings reveal that radio campaigns significantly heightened public awareness of flood-related issues, with 75% of respondents attesting to being aware of such campaigns. Furthermore, over 90% of respondents rated the campaigns as effective or very effective in community mobilization. The campaigns not only enhanced understanding of flood control measures but also spurred practical engagement in activities such as community clean-up exercises, drainage clearing, and participation in flood control committees. The study recommends that local government areas and other stakeholders continue leveraging radio as a platform for flood awareness and education while efforts should be made to diversify the radio campaign content to address emerging flood-related challenges and sustain public interest.

INTERCAMPUS SHUTTLE-RELATED TRANSPORTATION STRESS AMONG NIGERIAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

2025-03-31T10:13:10+00:00

Transportation stress is a significant concern affecting university students worldwide, impacting their academic performance, mental well-being, and overall educational experience. This paper explores the causes of transportation stress among Nigerian university students. The methodology employed is the narrative approach to content analysis of relevant literature. Factors such as long commuting times, poor transportation infrastructure, financial constraints, and safety concerns are identified as primary contributors globally. In Nigeria, issues like inadequate inter-campus transportation, poor road conditions, rising transport costs, and insecurity exacerbate the problem. This paper concludes with recommendations for improving transport infrastructure, enhancing inter-campus services, and providing financial support to mitigate student transportation stress.

SMART CARD READER AND PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION CREDIBILITY IN MAKURDI, BENUE STATE (2015 – 2023)

2025-03-31T10:17:48+00:00

This study explores the impact of the Smart Card Reader (SCR) on the credibility of presidential elections in Makurdi Local Government, Benue State, in 2015, 2019 and 2023. The research objectives are to investigate whether the adoption of a SCR machine enhances credibility and to find out if the technical challenges that accompany the use of SCRs implicated in the electoral irregularities in the Presidential election in the Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State, 2015-2023. The work made use of both the documentary and survey methods as means of data collection and time series as research design. Findings from the work show that voting at polling units this time was either equal to the accredited voters as captured by the SCR machine or less than the accredited voters, which was over 100% reduction in fraud in this area. This revealed that the adoption of the SCR reduced the rigging process by ad-hoc staff at the P-unit level who hitherto inflate figures with the use of Manual register. Also, there is a 100% reduction in double or multiple voting, which was the practice before the introduction of the SCR machine, as eligible voters were allowed to vote only once. Also, voters with fake PVCs were fished out by the SCR and prevented from voting. On the whole, our findings revealed that in all ramifications, the adoption of the SCR machine by INEC helped reduce irregularities in this election by over 95
percent. In conclusion, the paper recommends that voter education and technical training for election officials should be improved, and the INEC should transmit election results in real time to ensure credibility, efficiency, and transparency in future electoral cycles.

ENHANCING ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR THROUGH MEANINGFUL WORK

2025-03-31T10:20:36+00:00

In the current competitive world, all organisations look at different ways to stay tuned in the marketplace and continuously explore various means to perform optimally. Consequently, organizational researchers and professionals in the sector have started dedicating attention and resources to understanding the antecedents of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB). This study is, therefore, one of those research efforts targeted at understanding the antecedents of OCB in the workplace by investigating the influence of Meaningfulness of work on organisational citizenship behaviour among employees of commercial banks in Lafia, Nasarawa State. A cross-sectional research approach was used, and a total of 250 comprising 143 (57.2%) males and 107 (42.8%) females within the age range of 23 – 56 years and a mean age of 36.34(SD=8.44) respondents were purposively selected for the study. Work as Meaning Inventory (WAMI) and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour Checklist (OCB-C) were used to assess participants' meaningfulness of work and organizational citizenship behaviour, respectively. Results showed a significant positive prediction of meaningfulness of work [R =.441, R2=.195, F (3,346) =19.823; p<.01] among employees of commercial banks in Lafia. The implications of these findings for the banking sector were discussed. It was recommended, among other things, that Organizations should focus on and align their policies to create and maintain conditions responsible for nurturing OCB among their employee.

TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS AND THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY IN THE 21ST CENTURY

2025-03-31T10:25:37+00:00

This study explored the complex relationship between Transnational Corporations (TNCs) and the Nigerian economy, posing the critical question of whether their activities represent two sides of the same coin. The study made use of qualitative research design in both data collection and analysis. The study specifically examines the contributions of TNCs like Shell, Chevron Nigeria Ltd., MTN Group Ltd. etc. The findings revealed that the origin and growth of Transnational Corporations date back to the era of the European Trading companies in Africa and Asia, such as the Dutch East Indian Trading Company, the Royal Niger Company, British South African company. The study also revealed that TNCs, specifically in the oil and gas sector are indeed two sides of a coin, as their activities and impacts are both negative and positive. The positive part is that TNCs are the movers and shakers of the Nigerian economy as they remained the most significant facilitators of FDI and revenue to the Nigerian economy in sectors like ICT, oil and gas, rail and road construction, finance etc. Thus, for example, between 2022 and 2023 alone, the SPDC and SNEPCo paid a combined $1.09 billion and $1.36 billion dollars as corporate taxes and royalties to the Nigeria government, aside from Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR), in their operational areas. Again, between 2021-2023 alone, Chevron Nigeria Ltd. paid over $3.4 billion as corporate tax and royalties to the Nigerian government. The signing of the China Belt and roads initiative in 2018 by Nigeria has also attracted Chinese state own corporations to construct the Lekki Deep Sea port, Zungeru Hydroelectric project, Lagos-Ibadan train route construction of airport terminals and ports etc. On the contrary, the UNEP report affirmed that the activities of the IOCs have polluted Ogoni land and other oil-producing communities in the Niger Delta and have impacted negatively on the ground, water, soil, terrestrial and aquatic vegetation and public health such that it will take an average of 25 to 30 years to restore the environment arising from oil pollution and gas flare in the region. The Chinese state-owned Corporations have also been found committing grievous human rights violations against Nigerians, specifically during the COVID-19 pandemic.

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE IN FEDERAL MEDICAL CENTRE, KEFFI, NASARAWA STATE

2025-03-31T10:29:38+00:00

Organisations often appraise the performance of their staff so as to know their current and future skills. The effectiveness of the implementation of performance management practices depends on a variety of factors that are interrelated to the success of the implementation in organisations. This study examines the effect of performance management systems on employees’ performance in Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, Nasarawa State. The study adopted a descriptive research design, and the population was comprised of 3,700 employees of Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, Nasarawa State, of which an estimated sample size of 361 was drawn using Taro Yamane's (1967) formula. Data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple linear regression. The study found that performance planning significantly improves employees’ performance in Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, while reward does not significantly improve employees’ performance in Federal Medical Centre, Keffi. The study concluded that the performance management system has a positive and significant effect on employees’ performance in Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, Nasarawa State. The study recommends that the management of Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, Nasarawa State should prioritize a comprehensive reward scheme that incorporates both financial and non-financial programmes in the appropriate proportion through employees’ involvement in such policy design.

INVESTIGATING THE ATTITUDE OF OFFA RESIDENTS IN KWARA STATE NIGERIA TOWARDS CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION (SDG6)

2025-03-31T10:33:57+00:00

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were introduced in 2015 to achieve 17 global objectives. Among these, Goal 6, which focuses on Clean Water and Sanitation, aims to ensure access to adequate sanitation and sustainable water management for all by 2030. This study investigates the knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes of residents in Offa Local Government Area (LGA) toward achieving the targets of SDG 6 by 2030. A Survey Research Method was employed, utilising Purposive and Availability Sampling Techniques to gather responses from 176 participants through an e-questionnaire. The sample size was determined using the formula by Saunter et al. (2009). The findings indicated that residents of Offa hold a positive and forward-thinking attitude toward sustainable water and sanitation practices as they believed it is important for individuals to practice sustainable water management (x̅ = 4.76), support community initiatives aimed at improving water and sanitation practices (x̅ = 4.65). Additionally, the study revealed that their attitudes are closely linked to the effectiveness of existing government policies and interventions related to water and sanitation in the region, as the majority of the respondents (167) agreed that they have a positive attitude towards the realisation of SDG 6 on water and sanitation in Offa LGA. Based on these findings, the study recommends increased media campaigns across
all Nigerian states to raise awareness of the benefits of clean water and sanitation, helping to reduce health risks and promote well-being for residents.

INDUSTRIAL CONFLICT IN A DEPRESSED ECONOMY

2025-03-31T10:39:55+00:00

The study examined the impact of industrial conflicts, particularly strikes in an already depressed economy like Nigeria. Two research questions and corresponding objectives were formulated to aid the study. The study is anchored on the Marxian Conflict theory by Karl Marx. The study is a descriptive type of study that uses desk research methodology. Data was sourced from secondary sources through the internet, newspapers, Journals and textbooks for data collection. The study reveals that grievances as a result of low wages, poor working conditions and lack of promotion lead to conflict. Also, conflicts of any nature hamper the growth of any organization or nation. The study concluded that Although Conflict is an essential part of life, it must be treated carefully as any one perspective of conflict (strike) activity can be quite misleading. Several perspectives have to be taken together in order to provide a fair picture and resolve them effectively for the benefit of all parties involved and the economy at large. It, however, recommends, amongst others, that an institutionalisation of industrial democracy is a proactive and corrective mechanism that should be put in place to be able to detect, prevent and correct the possibility of an industrial conflict quickly when it arises.

EFFECTS OF CHRONIC PROMETHAZINE AND HALOPERIDOL INGESTION ON FEEDING BEHAVIOUR IN MALE ALBINO RATS

2025-03-31T10:42:14+00:00

Following the concern about gender differences in the effect of haloperidol and promethazine, separately and in combination, on feeding behaviour, as presented by Balogun et al. (2025) with female rats, the present study investigated the same phenomena using male rats this time around. Using 24 male albino rats, divided into four groups of six rats each, Combined drug, haloperidol group, promethazine group and saline group, their feeding behaviour was observed after ingestion of the drugs. It was observed that male rats gained more weight and ate more in all the groups, demonstrating the effect of the drugs on feeding behaviour. The implications of these findings for drug consumption and food intake, especially for those concerned with body weight gain/loss were emphasised and discussed.

BRAND DIFFERENTIATION STRATEGIES AND SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF MTN NIGERIA IN SOUTH-SOUTH REGION

2025-03-31T10:47:36+00:00

This study examines brand differentiation strategies and sustainable competitive advantage of MTN Nigeria in the South-South region. The specific objectives are to investigate the effect of brand trust, brand image, brand awareness, and service quality on MTN Nigeria’s sustainable competitive advantage. This study adopted a cross-sectional method for data collection and empirical analysis. A stratified random sampling technique was used. A sample size of 357 was selected out of 5000 staff of MTN Retail Network Centres. The sample size was calculated using Krejcie and Morgan’s table and Bowley’s allocation formula. The study adopted a 5-point Likert scale structured questionnaire. A test-retest reliability technique was used to determine the reliability of the instrument. Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of 0.7 was generated. The data collected was analysed using correlation and regression analysis via the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 25. Findings showed that brand trust (ß = 0.258, p < 0.05), brand image (ß = 0.111, p < 0.05), brand awareness (ß = 0.567, p < 0.01), and service quality (ß = 0.465, p < 0.05) had a strong, significant, positive relationship with MTN Nigeria’s sustainable competitive advantage. The study revealed that brand differentiation strategies were responsible for 78% of the changes in the sustainable competitive advantage of MTN Nigeria. The study recommends, among others, that telecommunication companies should offer a distinguishable brand that has a quality that customers can trust, create a distinctive brand image in the public domain to enable customers’ brand acceptability, and increase market share through competitive performance.

GENDER ROLES IN OFF-FARM INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES AMONG YOUTHS IN RURAL ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA

2025-03-31T10:50:34+00:00

Nigeria is predominantly rural, with high poverty levels and a populace primarily engaged in agriculture. However, agriculture alone cannot alleviate poverty due to its seasonality. This study analyzed gender differences in youth engagement in off-farm income-generating activities in rural areas of Enugu State, Nigeria. A multistage random sampling technique was used to select 360 respondents. Data were collected using semi- structured questionnaires and analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics, including a logit regression model. The results showed a deviation from conventional agricultural means of livelihood among youths, with 98.3% engaged in off-farm activities. Key activities included wage-earning in civil service (31.9%), artisan work (12.8%), and customer service (12.8%). Significant gender differences were observed: males contributed an average of ₦72,800.00, while females contributed ₦54,108.10. Motivating factors for engagement included income diversification, financial risk mitigation (33.9%), and access to new skills (24.4%). Barriers included lack of access to resources such as land and capital (35.3%), cultural norms (30.6%), and gender-specific constraints like childcare responsibilities (16.1%). Higher educational attainment and income levels positively influence youth participation in off-farm activities, emphasizing the role of socio-economic empowerment. Based on the findings, the study recommends the development and implementation of policies and programs that address the gender disparities observed in off-farm income generation. This could include initiatives aimed at providing equal access to resources such as land, capital, and technology for both male and female youths. Additionally, gender-sensitive training programs and mentorship opportunities can help empower young women to overcome barriers and actively participate in off-farm economic activities.

THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON WORK-LIFE BALANCE, JOB SATISFACTION, AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE

2025-03-31T10:55:50+00:00

This study provides a comprehensive review of theoretical frameworks on work-life balance, job satisfaction, and employee performance. The modern work environment poses significant challenges to employees' work-life balance (WLB) and job satisfaction (JS), ultimately affecting their performance. This systematic literature review examines the theoretical frameworks that underpin the relationships between WLB, JS, and employee performance (EP). The study synthesizes the findings from various theories, including Spillover Theory, Inter-role Conflict Theory, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Job Characteristics Model, and Theory X and Theory Y. The results highlight the interconnectedness of WLB and JS and their synergistic effect on EP. The study's findings have practical implications for organizations seeking to improve employee performance and well-being. The review also identifies gaps and limitations in the existing literature, providing directions for future research.

CYBERCRIME AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

2025-03-31T10:59:35+00:00

This study examined the implications of cybercrime and economic development in Nigeria. Three research questions and three objectives were formulated to aid the study. The study is anchored on differential association theory propounded by Edwin Sutherland. The study adopted a qualitative research method with the use of desk research methodology; as such data was elicited through Secondary sources such as journals, periodicals, newspaper publications, textbooks and reviews. Our analysis revealed that cybercrime has become a huge menace threatening the socioeconomic and technological advancement of Nigeria as the attention of many youths have been diverted from embarking on productive activities to flamboyant life styles. Also, that the financial losses accrued by consumers and business resulting from the theft of information and money or extortion impedes economic growth. The study concluded that widespread cybercrime has negative impact on the economic development in Nigeria as it tarnishes the image of the country at the global scale. The paper recommends that government should pursue vigorous enlightenment campaigns for the citizens on basic preventive and protective measures against cybercrime.

ENSURING ACCURACY IN SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH

2025-03-31T11:02:05+00:00

Accurate variable conceptualisation and measurement are fundamental to the integrity of social science research. Inconsistent definitions, methodological flaws, and measurement errors can undermine research validity, limiting the generalizability of findings. This paper provides a comprehensive review of variable conceptualisation and measurement, examining their significance, challenges, and best practices. The study explores different types of variables, levels of measurement, and measurement scales while emphasising the role of transparency, accountability, and methodological rigor in ensuring data accuracy. Conceptual and operational definitions are discussed in relation to their impact on measurement reliability and validity. Additionally, the paper highlights theoretical and methodological limitations, such as conceptual ambiguity, cultural and linguistic differences, and measurement biases. To enhance research credibility, best practices – including the use of validated measurement instruments, pilot testing, and data quality control – are recommended. The findings highlight the importance of clear conceptual frameworks and strong measurement methods to enhance the reliability and relevance of social science research.

EFFECT OF WORK ENVIRONMENT AND WORKLOAD ON EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE IN GOVERNMENT TEACHING HOSPITALS IN NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA

2025-03-31T11:05:33+00:00

A good work environment and a fair amount of work are important for employees to do their best. Having a reasonable workload prevents stress and burnout, making it easier to do quality work without feeling too tired or pressured. This study examines the effect of work environment and workload on employees’ performance. Government Teaching Hospitals in North Central Nigeria was chosen because as public healthcare institutions, they have a high volume of patients’ base from every part of the country especially for the highly specialized services, operates in unique environment, and are generic in structure and administration. A cross-sectional research design was adopted for this study with a population of 7293 and a sample size of 417 staff. Data were collected through a questionnaire and analysed using the Partial Least Structural Equation Model (PLS-.SEM). The study found that while workload had a positive and significant effect on employee performance, the work environment had no meaningful impact on employee performance. The study concluded that the work environment does not enhance employee performance; workload led to improvement in employee performance. The study recommends that the management of Government Teaching Hospitals should improve workplace conditions and maintain a balanced workload for optimal performance.

STATE INTERVENTION IN NIGERIA’S MARITIME SECTOR

2025-03-31T11:08:57+00:00

This study examines the role of the Nigerian state in developing the maritime sector, focusing on the challenges it faces and the way forward. The maritime sector is vital to Nigeria’s economy, contributing to trade, job creation, and revenue. However, it is held back by issues such as poor infrastructure, corruption, ineffective regulations, and insecurity. The researcher used secondary data as a method of data collection, and journal articles, books, and conference papers on the maritime sector were utilised. Qualitative analysis was used to analyse the data collected. The work adopted three theoretical frameworks to analyse the role of the state in the maritime sector. First, the Public Goods Theory, Developmental State Theory, and Human Rights Theory frame the discussion. The findings reveal that while some improvements have been made, key challenges such as insufficient funding, regulatory weaknesses, and security threats persist. In the end, the paper recommends strengthening regulatory frameworks, investing in modern infrastructure, and enhancing security measures. It also calls for more international collaboration and the use of technology to improve efficiency.

POWER SECTOR PERFORMANCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF OWERRI MUNICIPAL, IMO STATE, NIGERIA

2025-03-31T11:12:34+00:00

The study has examined power sector performance and development of Owerri Municipal, Imo State, Nigeria. The study was carried out to identify the extent to which deregulation of the power sector has enhanced its performance. The researcher used structural functional theory. The researcher used descriptive approach. Only published articles from books, journals and other secondary information were used. The data collected were discussed qualitatively. From the study, it was found that the major factors affecting the performance of Nigeria's power sector include poor funding, high levels of political interference, non-cooperative attitudes of the people (host communities) and issues of corruption. It was concluded that effective performance of power sector in service delivery is dependent on government contribution through positive political interference, community positive contribution to the distribution companies and provision of the funding for positive performance of the power sector distribution companies. Based on the findings, it was recommended that the government and non-governmental organizations should contribute significantly to the funding of electricity services. Also, the Government and politicians should avoid unnecessary interference in the distribution and acquisition of power equipment like transformers and high-tension cables.

EFFECT OF OIL PRICE SHOCKS ON NIGERIA’S MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES

2025-03-31T11:14:38+00:00

The performance of macroeconomic variables in Nigeria has been strongly associated with the oil sector. The oil price shocks have a significant impact on a number of critical macroeconomic factors, including the exchange rate, inflation rate, oil revenue, and government expenditure, to name a few. The objective of this paper is to investigate and analyse the effect of oil price shocks on selected macroeconomic variables in Nigeria using time series techniques of the Non-linear Autoregressive distributed Lags (NARDL) model. The oil price and macroeconomic variables data were collected for the periods of 42 years (1981 – 2022) from the Central Bank of Nigeria and the US Energy Information Administration (EIA). The Bound Test of the NARDL specification suggests the presence of cointegration among variables. The results show that in the short-run and long-run, oil price shocks have a significant effect on macroeconomic variables such as exchange rate, inflation rate, oil revenue and government expenditure. The effect of global oil price shocks on inflation rate is positive, indicating that an increase in oil price leads to an increase in inflation rate in Nigeria; in contrast, the effect of shocks in the oil price on exchange rate is negative, indicating that an increase in global oil price leads to depreciation of exchange rate and fall in oil revenue thereby affecting government expenditure negatively in Nigeria. Hence, the study recommends that appropriate measures such as functional refineries and stable macroeconomic policies should be emphasized by the Nigerian government.

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIOURAL IMPACTS OF ONLINE EXPLICIT CONTENT ON AE-FUNAI STUDENTS

2025-03-31T11:30:40+00:00

The study examined the effects of exposure to online explicit content among undergraduate students in Nigeria, using students of AE-FUNAI as a proxy. The objectives were to: assess the perception and attitudes of AE-FUNAI students towards online explicit contents; examine the psychological effects of exposure to online explicit contents on the behaviour and well-being of AE-FUNAI students; and to investigate the extent of peer influence and social media in shaping the consumption of online explicit contents on AE-FUNAI students. The study, which adopted a survey research design, was anchored on Albert Bandura’s social learning theory. The sample size was 389, obtained through the Taro Yamane method. Three hypotheses were raised and tested using the Chi-square goodness of fit method. Data was analysed using the percentage and 4-point Likert scale with the decision point of 2.5. The study found a significant correlation between AE-FUNAI students' perceptions of online explicit content and their sexual behaviours; exposure to explicit content has a significant impact on the behaviour and well-being of AEFUNAI students; and peer influence and social media have significantly aided in shaping the consumption of online explicit content by AE-FUNAI students. The study recommended the implementation of comprehensive sexuality education programs in secondary schools and universities, the establishment of counselling centres on university campuses that specifically address issues related to pornography addiction, and the promotion of media literacy to curb underage access to explicit sites.

ADOLESCENT GIRLS’ WILLINGNESS TO DISCLOSE SEXUAL ABUSE THROUGH INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION IN DELTA-CENTRAL SENATORIAL DISTRICT OF DELTA STATE

2025-03-31T11:47:33+00:00

Sexual abuse remains a critical social issue, particularly among adolescent girls who face barriers in telling their sexual abuse experiences. The study examines the willingness of adolescent girls to talk about sexual abuse experience through interpersonal communication in Delta Central Senatorial District of Delta State. The study explores the factors that influence willingness to tell abuse experiences by fostering empathy, trust, understanding, and privacy assurance and providing a safe environment for in-person interactions. Using the mixed method research design. The qualitative and quantitative approaches utilised the interview and survey to elicit data from the adolescent girls. Findings revealed that interpersonal relationship could promote conversational willingness through asking children and adolescents their sexual experiences can help facilitates telling with a grand mean of 3.8749 and 1.1057 3) Findings also revealed that empathy could help sexually abuse victims disclose experiences (Mean = 3.9687) and having strong parent-child relationship influences a decision to disclose abuse experiences? (Mean = 3.9531) with a grand mean and standard deviation of 3.8869 and 1.1015. More so, the results obtained from the IDI support the above assertion that believing in their story and not blaming them encouraged them to tell me about the sexual abuse. The study underpins that interpersonal communication can provide conversational willingness among sexually abused adolescent girls.

GOVERNANCE, THE PLIGHT OF THE ELDERLY AND THE SEARCH FOR AN INCLUSIVE SOCIAL ORDER IN NIGERIA

2025-03-31T11:52:53+00:00

The increasing search for a better life for the elderly in Nigerian society makes it imperative to explore the link between governance and the plight of the elderly as a way of building an inclusive social order. Through governance, which entails the deployment of an administrative system to regulate components of society for the purpose of promoting inclusiveness, the plight and peculiarities of the elderly could be improved in order to attain a more humane social order. This paper relies on the qualitative description analysis predicated on the use of secondary data to project governance as a driver for the improvement of the plight of the elderly in the country. This paper, which adopts the Social Exchange Theory, finds that poor governance reflected in the failure to deploy available machinery to cater for the needs of the elderly result in the deplorable social well-being of the aged in Nigeria. The paper recommends, among others, the deployment of governance structure and the machineries toward the betterment of the wellbeing of the elderly. These should manifest in timely payment of pension benefits, expansion of access to healthcare, and creation of more legislation on a wide range of issues that could provide a durable cover for the elderly in Nigerian society.

THE IMPACT OF HUMAN DISPLACEMENT ON THE ATTAINMENT OF SDG 4 IN NIGERIA

2025-03-31T11:57:33+00:00

The phenomenon of human displacement resulting in the production of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees has been a recurring issue in Nigeria in recent times. It affects all human engagement, most importantly the attainment of sustainable development goal number four as it pertains to access and provision of education for the vulnerable, like the displaced people who are scattered by conflicts in different locations in Nigeria. The study utilizes secondary materials to depict how human displacements and the sporadic movements of the victims pose a challenge to the actualization of the educational goal of the sustainable development programme. The paper found that violent disruption of human settlements hinders provision and access to education among the displaced persons, thereby impeding access to education as envisioned in the Sustainable Development Goal under focus, which is anchored on widening access to quality education among the vulnerable groups. The paper is significant in that it attempts to explore the discourse on the centrality of a tranquil human settlement towards the sustenance of provision and access to education among the internally displaced in Nigeria.

OCCUPATIONAL ROLE STRESS AND ORGANISATIONAL CYNICISM AMONG POLICE OFFICERS

2025-03-31T12:00:07+00:00

On the basis of the assumption of organisational role theory, this correlational study investigated the moderating role of resilience in occupational role stress and organisational cynicism in a sample of police officers in Enugu Metropolis, Southeast Nigeria. Two hundred and sixty-four police officers comprising 200 males and 64 females between the ages of 26 and 55 years (M=44.07, SD=5.82) participated in the study. They were selected via a two-stage (cluster and purposive) sampling technique. The 13-item organisational cynicism scale, 60-item occupational role stress, and 6-item brief resilience scale were completed by the participants. The results of hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that only the role boundary component of occupational role stress positively predicted cognitive, affective, and behavioural dimensions of organisational cynicism, respectively. Resilience positively moderated the role ambiguity component of occupational role stress and the cognitive dimension of organisational cynicism. Based on these findings, this study recommends that the Nigeria police force and other relevant stakeholders should consider occupational role stress, especially role boundary and role ambiguity during recruitment, in order to minimize organisational cynicism among police officers. In addition, these bodies should also make policies to strengthen regular tactical training of these officers in order to enhance their resilience for effective policing, thus curtailing heightened insecurity in Nigeria.

INFLUENCE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON UNDERGRADUATES' READING HABIT

2025-03-31T12:18:13+00:00

Artificial intelligence's role in education has evolved rapidly over the past few decades. This study sought to ascertain the influence of artificial intelligence on the reading habits of undergraduates of Imo State University, Owerri. The objectives of the study were to; ascertain the awareness level of undergraduates of Imo State University, Owerri towards AI, determine the knowledge level of undergraduates of Imo State University, Owerri towards AI, ascertain the influence of AI on the reading habits of undergraduates of Imo State University, Owerri, and find out other factors that can influence the reading habits of undergraduates of Imo State University, Owerri. The study was anchored on the technology determinism theory. This study employed a survey research design, with an estimated population of 21,000 participants. To determine the appropriate sample size, the Australian sample size calculator was utilized, resulting in a calculated sample size of 378 individuals. Furthermore, a multistage sampling technique was implemented to facilitate the selection process. The primary instrument utilized for data collection was a questionnaire, which was meticulously crafted using a four-point Likert scale. Findings of this study revealed that undergraduates of Imo State University are to a high extent aware of artificial intelligence, undergraduates of Imo State University, Owerri are highly knowledgeable towards artificial intelligence and its operations, artificial intelligence influences the reading habit of undergraduates of Imo State University Owerri, and there are other factors that influence reading habits of the respondents. The researcher recommended that undergraduates of Imo State University should expose themselves to more technological innovations as a means of aiding them in their academics, they should improve their knowledge on artificial intelligence and it operations, undergraduates of Imo State University, Owerri should reduce the usage of artificial intelligence in a bid to reduce it influence in their reading habit, and undergraduates of Imo State University, Owerri should adopt strategies to mitigate AI’s negative impact on reading habits.

ASSESSMENT OF THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING THEORIES ON RETIREMENT

2025-03-31T12:24:26+00:00

Prior research points to the gendered nature of work and private routines, however, surprisingly few studies have explored the influence of gender on the sources of psychological well-being in retirement in an attempt to apply the usefulness of psychological well-being theories to understand retirement. Drawing on resource theories and theories on the gendered division of labour, this article examines how preretirement resources relate to retirees’ psychological wellbeing by using examples from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. It is hypothesized that possessing key resources prior to retirement as well as losing or gaining resources in the transition to retirement influence retirees’ well-being and that these effects are partially conditioned by gender. Inferences from the hypothesis indicate that preretirement physical health, tenacity in goal pursuit, and flexibility in goal adjustment are beneficial for men’s and women’s well-being alike. By contrast, financial assets and job dissatisfaction are more strongly related to men’s psychological well-being in retirement and preretirement social contacts to that of women. Thus, the article underscores the importance of considering gendered resources in retirement research.

ASSESSING THE NIGERIA POLICE FORCE’S STRATEGIES AGAINST ARMED BANDITRY IN KATSINA STATE (2017-2022)

2025-03-31T12:13:49+00:00

The study examined the strategies of the Nigeria Police Force (NPF) in the fight against armed banditry in Katsina State, Nigeria, from 2017 to 2022. The following research objectives guided the study: understand the strategies adopted by the NPF in the fight against armed banditry and investigate the frequently used modus operandi by the NPF to fight armed banditry in the State. The study was anchored on the Situational Crime Prevention Theory that Ronal Clark propounded. Primary and secondary sources of data were sourced from the 10 frontline Local Government Areas (LGAs) affected by armed banditry in the State. A multi-stage cluster sampling method comprised of cluster sampling, stratified sampling and simple random sampling techniques was used because the study area was large in size while the population was scattered across the State. A sample size of 700 questionnaires was administered to the study’s respondents. Additionally, 22 Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were purposively conducted with police officers, vigilantes, male and female residents, village heads, youth leaders, arrested bandits held in police custody, and detained alleged informants of bandits held in police custody. Findings revealed that NPF in the State have carried out a sustained campaign against corruption among its personnel, deployed Operation Puff Adder Teams, personnel from the Intelligence Response Teams (IRT) and Force Intelligence Bureau (FIB) as strategies against armed banditry in the State. The study also revealed that other strategies adopted by the police against armed banditry in the State were the deployment of personnel of the Police Mobile Force (PMF) and Special Tactical Forces (STF) against armed bandits in the State. The study further revealed that the frequently used strategy by the NPF to fight armed banditry in the State was the use of personnel from the PMF and the deployment of Operation Puff Adder teams. It was recommended that the Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) procure modern technological and logistical tools for the NPF to enable the police to commence the use of information and communication technology gadgets and armoured personnel Carriers (APCs) as part of its improved multifaceted initiatives in the fight against armed banditry in the State. Also, the FGN, which is the proprietor of both NPF and the Nigerian Military, must create a deliberate policy for regular joint police and military operations against armed banditry to foster inter-agency collaboration in the State.

SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC DETERMINANTS OF TURNOVER INTENTIONS AMONG NON-ACADEMIC STAFF IN STATEOWNED UNIVERSITIES IN IMO STATE

2025-03-31T12:34:59+00:00

This Study explored the sociodemographic determinates of turnover intentions among non-academic staff in state-owned universities in imo state. Three hypotheses were postulated and tested. One hundred and ninety-seven non-academic staff members were selected through a convenience sampling technique, which comprised 108 females and 89 males, out of which 107 were married and 90 were single. Their ages ranged from 29 to 53 years, with an average age of 35.23 years and a standard deviation of 9.24. The participants were administered with turnover intentions inventory (TOI). A cross-sectional survey design was adopted, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyse data collected. The results revealed that gender and age independently did not influence turnover intentions among non-academic staff at state-owned universities in imo state, while marital status influenced turnover intentions among non-academic staff at state-owned universities in imo state. This study addresses key gaps in turnover intentions and the need to adopt holistic approaches on how to reduce its effect on tertiary institutions. State government as a matter of urgency should strive to improve working conditions of non-academic staff through enhancing staff welfare and benefits, promoting job security, career progression and provide training and development opportunities.

ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT IN MAKURDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, BENUE STATE, NIGERIA

2025-03-31T12:48:33+00:00

Internal displacement has become one of the greatest human quagmires in the world today and has become a source of concern for human existence. This study examined the economic consequences of internal displacement on internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State. The specific objectives were to examine the economic consequences of internal displacement among internally displaced persons in the Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State and recommend ways of mitigating such economic consequences among internally displaced persons in Makurdi. Frustration Aggression theory was reviewed to explain the economic consequences among internally displaced persons in Makurdi LGA. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The population of the study was 164,796 IDPs living in fifteen (15) designated official and unofficial IDP camps situated in the Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State. The sample size of the study was 400 respondents, and this was determined using Taro-Yamane’s sample size determination formula. The study employed a multistage sampling technique. The interview method and Key Informant Interview were the instruments used for data collection. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v.21) was used to run the data, and descriptive statistics such as percentages were used to analyse univariate data. Qualitative data was analysed in themes. The findings revealed that the economic consequences of internal displacement were: loss of farmlands (77.3%), loss of assets (96.5%), job discrimination (88.0%), drop in income (73.0%), and burnt farm produce (69.5%). The study concluded that internal displacement has had dire economic consequences on IDPs in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State. The study recommends that the State should make policies that mandate nongovernmental and donor agencies to provide essential interventions to IDPs to ameliorate their economic challenges in their respective camps and beyond.

IMPACT OF EMPLOYEES’ RETIREMENT PLANNING ON RETIREES’ ADJUSTMENT IN ABIA STATE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION (2014 – 2024)

2025-03-31T12:56:33+00:00

This study examined the impact of employees’ retirement planning on retirees’ adjustment in the Abia State Ministry of Education. The objectives are to determine ways in which employees’ retirement planning education, self-development, and investment affect the retirees’ adjustment in the state. Survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study consisted of the 3 educational zones in the state - Aba, Ohafia, and Umuahia- with a population size of 3,503 serving personnel and 3,024 retirees from the ministry. Using the Taro Yamane formula, a sample size of 377 respondents was randomly selected from a population of 6,527 individuals. The respondents were randomly selected through a stratified technique in the three zones on the basis of 4 local government areas for a zone. A questionnaire titled Employees’ Retirement Planning and Retirees’ Adjustment Survey Questionnaire (ERPRSQ), structured in a Likert format, was administered for data collection, complemented with interviews and secondary data. The data collected were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, and means. The study was anchored on the Expectancy Theory. The hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient Statistics. It was discovered that lack of employees’ retirement planning education, poor self-development, and business investment negatively affected the retirees’ adjustment in the state. It was recommended that the government/ministry of education should regularly organize workshops/seminars to educate the employees on the need to adopt effective retirement planning education and good self-development programmes, as well as initiate business ventures while in the service to guarantee effective retirees’ adjustment in the state.

BOOK REVIEW

2025-03-31T13:00:11+00:00

"Own Your Own Life" is a comprehensive work authored by Richard G. Abell and Corlis Wilber Abell, aimed at psychotherapists, clients, and general readers. The genesis of this book stems from the authors' personal experiences as well as their professional practices as clinicians. It is specifically designed for individuals seeking to achieve personal growth and for those dissatisfied with certain aspects of their lives who wish to enact change. The book encourages movement towards the existential perspective of “Personality Change." Individuals in need of transformation may find utility in therapeutic modalities such as transactional analysis, gestalt therapy, and nonverbal communication as instruments for their healing journey.

ENHANCING SCHOOL SAFETY AND SECURITY

2025-03-31T13:03:32+00:00

School safety and security have become pressing concerns due to the increasing incidents of violence, bullying, and external threats that disrupt learning environments. This study explores developing and implementing structured school safety and security protocols, emphasising key threats such as student violence, vandalism, armed intrusions, and natural disasters. It discusses essential components of an effective safety framework, including risk assessment, physical security measures, emergency preparedness, and behavioural policies. The study also highlights challenges such as financial constraints, resistance to change, ethical concerns, and policy inconsistencies that hinder effective implementation. Best practices from successful school safety programs are examined, with recommendations for strengthening legislation, increasing funding, and integrating technology-driven security solutions. The study concludes that ensuring school safety requires a multi-stakeholder approach involving policymakers, educators, parents, and law enforcement agencies. Continuous monitoring and adaptation of safety protocols are essential for maintaining a secure and conducive learning environment.

SOCIAL MEDIA INFLUENCE ON NIGERIA GENERAL ELECTIONS WITH EMPHASIS ON ENUGU STATE 2023 GOVERNORSHIP ELECTION

2025-03-31T13:07:07+00:00

This study aims to investigate the role of social media in Nigeria elections with specific reflection from the 2023 Enugu State Governorship election. The study's specific objectives include finding out the roles social media played in Nigerian political awareness and participation in the 2023 governorship elections and identifying the depth and frequency of social media coverage on the success of curtailing election rigging and fraud. The study adopted a survey method coupled with social media data gathered from the Nigeria general elections. These data were analysed, and two hypotheses were tested using Chi-Square and Simple Regression Analysis in SPSS version 21. The major findings revealed that social media played a significant role in Nigerian political awareness and participation in the 2023 governorship elections. The coverage of Nigeria's election through social media curtails election rigging and fraud. In line with the findings, it was recommended that the Electoral Act should be reviewed to provide specific guidelines on the use of social media in Nigeria’s future elections; the use of Electronic Card readers must be perfected to avoid technical hitches as experienced during the last elections; the Independent Nigeria Electoral Commission (INEC) should establish a social media tracking centre to monitor, collate, and interpret trends and reports during elections; and that the INEC, civil society organizations, and security agencies in the Country should establish modalities to systematically verify information reported by citizen observers through social media.

REVISITING THE CONCEPT OF RELIABILITY

2025-03-31T13:12:22+00:00

The reconceptualization of reliability in educational psychology is examined in this research, with a focus on the necessity of an all-encompassing framework that improves measurement precision. Classical test theory, generalizability theory, and item response theory are examples of traditional reliability models that have given fundamental insights into psychological tests. They frequently fail to address the dynamic and complexity of psychological constructs. The suggested framework highlights the significance of context-sensitivity, flexibility, and the dynamic nature of psychological traits throughout developmental stages by integrating conventional and modern reliability models. This framework's implementation requires careful attention to methodological issues, with a focus on reliable data gathering techniques, statistical models, and cultural sensitivity. The study presents the new framework's practical applications, with an emphasis on educational technology, classroom assessments, and educational interventions. The paper also lists difficulties and restrictions, such as the requirement for in-depth training and the limitations of current psychometric instruments. The paper concludes with suggestions for interdisciplinary cooperation, policy integration, training, contextualized assessment tool creation, and ethical behaviours. Educational psychologists and educators can improve student outcomes and assist the cognitive, emotional, and social development of their students by adopting this rethought approach, which will enable more accurate and successful psychological assessments. In order to improve this framework and guarantee its successful implementation in a variety of educational contexts, the article advocates for continued study and interdisciplinary collaboration.